Chapter 35 - DeWitt NCLEX Q's

Question 1

thirst mechanism is located in the

Answer 1

hypothalmus

Question 2

which transport mechanism involves cellular energy?

Answer 2

active transport

Question 3

which organ in the body regulates fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer 3

Kidney

Question 4

which pt is at high risk for dehydration

Answer 4

Eldery pt w/ fever and persistent nausea and vomiting (N&V)

Question 5

hyponatremia may be caused by

Answer 5

congestive heart failure (C&F)

Question 6

which may cause hyperkalemia

Answer 6

renal failure

Question 7

a pt has end stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which acid base imbalace would be predictable in a pt w/COPD?

Answer 7

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 8

which fluid output measurment is the most concering for a nurse

Answer 8

100mL of urine in a 5 hour period

Question 9

which of the following are blood cells?

Answer 9

thrombocytes, leukocytes, erthrocytes

Question 10

__ is the movement of pure solvent (liquid) across a membrane

Answer 10

osmosis

Question 11

acidosis

Answer 11

increase in pH

Question 12

ascites

Answer 12

abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Question 13

alkalosis

Answer 13

decrease in pH

Question 14

dehydration

Answer 14

removal of water from a tissue

Question 15

edema

Answer 15

excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid

Question 16

electrolyte

Answer 16

mineral or salt dissolved in body fluid

Question 17

interstitial

Answer 17

fluid in spaces surrounding the cells

Question 18

intracellular

Answer 18

within the cell

Question 19

stridor

Answer 19

shrill, harsh sound upon inspiration

Question 20

tetany

Answer 20

condition of severe muscle cramps, carpal pedal spasms, and laryngeal spasm

Question 21

transcellular fluid

Answer 21

gastriointestinal secrections

Question 22

turgor

Answer 22

degree of elasticity of tissue

Question 23

a pts lab work shows a low potassium value. this pt has ?

Answer 23

hypokalemia

Question 24

the process by which substances move back and forth across the membrane until they are evenly distributed is called

Answer 24

diffusion

Question 25

what refers to the movement of pure solvent across a membrane

Answer 25

osmosis

Question 26

when solute and water are of equal concentration, a solution is ?

Answer 26

isotonic

Question 27

if a pt is hydrated too quickly with isotonic solution, the vascular fluid becomes hypotonic and fluid will move into the tissues, causing?

Answer 27

fluid volume excess

Question 28

the movement of fluid outward through a semipermeable membrane is termed

Answer 28

filtration

Question 29

substances, regardless of their electrical charge, may be moved from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration by ?

Answer 29

active transport

Question 30

a state of dehydration often causes the electrolyte imbalance?

Answer 30

hyponatremia

Question 31

burn pts often develop the electrolyte imbalance

Answer 31

hyperkalemia (mechanical disruption of cell membranes causes a shift of potassium from the ICF to the ECF )

Question 32

the electrolyte imbalance ? most frequently occurs in the presence of kidney failure

Answer 32

hypermagnesemia

Question 33

respiratory alkalosis often occurs from

Answer 33

hyperventilation

Question 34

metabolic acidosis often occurs in the ? pt

Answer 34

diabetic

Question 35

what are the 4 water functions in the body

Answer 35

1) transportation of substances to and from cells
2) heat regulation
3) maintenance of hydrogen balance
4) digestion

Question 36

what is the primary location of these electrolytes
Sodium
Potassium

Answer 36

Extracellular fluid

Intracellular fluid

Question 37

which two factors help keep the fluid in the vascular compartment?

Answer 37

plasma proteins and colloids

Question 38

intake and output records are evaluated to determine

Answer 38

if there is a fluid imbalance

Question 39

another way to assess for alterations in fluid balance is to keep a record of

Answer 39

daily weight

Question 40

an early sign of decreased vascular volume from fluid volume deficit is ?

Answer 40

decreased urine output and concentrated urine

Question 41

when imbalances in calcium or magnesium are suspected, assessment of ? should be performed

Answer 41

neuromuscular irritability

Question 42

the assess for chvosteks sign, you would

Answer 42

tap the face just below and in front of the ear

Question 43

when assessing for fluid volume deficit in the older pt, you would assess:

Answer 43

check for dry mucous membranes, concentrated urine