Chapter 35 - DeWitt NCLEX Q's Flashcards
thirst mechanism is located in the
hypothalmus
which transport mechanism involves cellular energy?
active transport
which organ in the body regulates fluid and electrolyte balance
Kidney
which pt is at high risk for dehydration
Eldery pt w/ fever and persistent nausea and vomiting (N&V)
hyponatremia may be caused by
congestive heart failure (C&F)
which may cause hyperkalemia
renal failure
a pt has end stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which acid base imbalace would be predictable in a pt w/COPD?
Respiratory Acidosis
which fluid output measurment is the most concering for a nurse
100mL of urine in a 5 hour period
which of the following are blood cells?
thrombocytes, leukocytes, erthrocytes
__ is the movement of pure solvent (liquid) across a membrane
osmosis
acidosis
increase in pH
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
alkalosis
decrease in pH
dehydration
removal of water from a tissue
edema
excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid
electrolyte
mineral or salt dissolved in body fluid
interstitial
fluid in spaces surrounding the cells
intracellular
within the cell
stridor
shrill, harsh sound upon inspiration
tetany
condition of severe muscle cramps, carpal pedal spasms, and laryngeal spasm
transcellular fluid
gastriointestinal secrections
turgor
degree of elasticity of tissue
a pts lab work shows a low potassium value. this pt has ?
hypokalemia
the process by which substances move back and forth across the membrane until they are evenly distributed is called
diffusion
what refers to the movement of pure solvent across a membrane
osmosis
when solute and water are of equal concentration, a solution is ?
isotonic
if a pt is hydrated too quickly with isotonic solution, the vascular fluid becomes hypotonic and fluid will move into the tissues, causing?
fluid volume excess
the movement of fluid outward through a semipermeable membrane is termed
filtration
substances, regardless of their electrical charge, may be moved from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration by ?
active transport
a state of dehydration often causes the electrolyte imbalance?
hyponatremia
burn pts often develop the electrolyte imbalance
hyperkalemia (mechanical disruption of cell membranes causes a shift of potassium from the ICF to the ECF )
the electrolyte imbalance ? most frequently occurs in the presence of kidney failure
hypermagnesemia
respiratory alkalosis often occurs from
hyperventilation
metabolic acidosis often occurs in the ? pt
diabetic
what are the 4 water functions in the body
1) transportation of substances to and from cells
2) heat regulation
3) maintenance of hydrogen balance
4) digestion
what is the primary location of these electrolytes
Sodium
Potassium
Extracellular fluid
Intracellular fluid
which two factors help keep the fluid in the vascular compartment?
plasma proteins and colloids
intake and output records are evaluated to determine
if there is a fluid imbalance
another way to assess for alterations in fluid balance is to keep a record of
daily weight
an early sign of decreased vascular volume from fluid volume deficit is ?
decreased urine output and concentrated urine
when imbalances in calcium or magnesium are suspected, assessment of ? should be performed
neuromuscular irritability
the assess for chvosteks sign, you would
tap the face just below and in front of the ear
when assessing for fluid volume deficit in the older pt, you would assess:
check for dry mucous membranes, concentrated urine
