Mod 6-3 Renal Anomalies Flashcards
How many people are affected by urinary tract infections, kidney stones and obstructive processes?
Milliions
Why are there routine urinary tract examinations done each year?
Because of the lower cost of doing an IVP or cystogram compared to CT or MRI
What is Agenesis?
A Congnital absence of an organ.
List characteristics of kidney agenesis.
- Relatively uncommon
- Incompatible with life
- Usually encountered with stillborn infants
- Associated with variety of congenital abnormalities including limb defects and under-developed lungs.
List characteristics of unilateral kidney agenisis.
- Usually asymptomatic
- 2 times as common as bilateral agenesis
- Most common in males
- Kidney present is usually hyperplastic (increase in organic tissue, overgrowth)
What is supernumerary kidney?
A third, small kidney wtih a separate excretory system and its own blood supply.
What is hypoplastic kidney?
A small, usually fully functioning kidney that has failed to develop to its normal size.
*Not atrophic kidney
Can hypoplastic kidney develop bilaterally?
Yes, and can result in renal failure in children.
Is hypoplasia more common unilaterally or bilaterally?
Most commonly unilaterally.
What is compensatory hypertrophy?
An acquired condition in which one kidney is required to do the work of two and it becomes enlarged.
What is malrotation?
When the kidney is rotated more or less than a normal amount and a pathology of some sort is suspected as the cause.
*The kidney may be normal
What is an ectopic kidney?
One that does not rise into its normal position during fetal development - it is abnormally located, and usually fully functional.
Where might an ectopic kidney be located in the body?
- Just above the pelvic brim
- Within the pelvis
- Above the diaphragm
Ectopic kidneys are of ______ size but occasionally are somwhat _____ and the ____ kidney appears to be more frequently affected than the right.
normal; smaller; left;
The ectopia may be crossed or uncrossed???
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