Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiologic Pathologies 3461 > Mod 4-3 Bone Mets > Flashcards

Mod 4-3 Bone Mets Flashcards

1
Q

Metastases are the most common what?

A

Malignant bone tumors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition of bone metastases?

A

Secondary growth of malignancy, distant from site of origin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three ways Malignant cells reach the bone?

A
  1. hematogenously
  2. lymphatic channels
  3. direct extension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percentage of malignant bone lesions are from other parts of the body?

A

60-65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some common areas that are favored sites of metastases?

A
  • Red marrow sites - spine, pelvis, ribs, skull
  • Upper ends of humerus and femur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What sites are not seen as frequently as being affected with mets?

A

Distal to the knees and elbows, but they do occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mets distal to knees and elbows happen infrequently, but they are especially known to happen with what?

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common presenting symptom of bone mets?

A

Pain.

*There are a number of lesions that are identified radiographicially while the patient is asymptomatic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metastatic lesions can be both _______ and _______.

A

osteolytic (dissolution of bone); osteoblastic (increased bone production)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Osteolytic mets begins where?

A

In the medullary canal and erode through the cortical bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The most common primary tumors causing osteolytic mets (medullary canal eroding through cortical bone) are tumors of the what (3)?

A

breast, kidney and thyroid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lytic mets produced by ____ ____ are usually multiple in number.

A

breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lytic mets produced by _____ and ______ primaries usually produce only a single lesion.

A

thyroid and kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do osteoblastic lesions indicate?

A

Slow growth of a tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common primary tumor in men that produces this type of mets (osteoblastic mets)?

A

Carcinoma of the prostate gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common primary tumor in women to produce this type of metastases (osteoblastic mets)?

A

Cancer of the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What size are the areas of sclerosis (osteoblastic lesions of mets)?

A

They may be small, round areas of involvement or may involve most or all of a bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How will the bone appear when there is a mix of lytic and blastic lesions?

A

Mottled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the effect on radiographic technique when imaging those with bone metastases?

A

Depending on stage of progression. Densely sclerotic lesions are additive (increase technique) and lucent lesions are destructive (decrease technique).

20
Q

Multiple myeloma is considered to be a common cancer. T/F?

How many people are affected by multiple myeloma?

A

False

1 in 159 people in the United States

21
Q

Why does UAMS see multiple myeloma patients daily?

A

Because UAMS is considered a center of excellence for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

22
Q

What are some risk factors for developing MM?

A
  • Most cases are in people between 40-70 years old
  • Exposure to radiation accounts for avery small numebr of cases
  • Being overweight
23
Q

What percentage of patients with MM are under the age of 35 years old?

A

Less than 1%

24
Q

Multiple myeloma is a ___________ that arises from the _____ ________ and spreads and destructs the affected bone.

A

malignancy; bone marrow

25
Q

What is seen with MM?

A

A single lesion or multiple lesionsin various areas of the body.

26
Q

What type of bones are typically affected by MM?

A
  • In flat bones that contain red marrow
  • Skull, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis
27
Q

Are lesions from MM a density or a lucency?

A

Lucency

28
Q

Is MM cureable or treatable?

A

MM is a disease that is rarely cureable, but highly treatable.

29
Q

MM is related to ________ because it is a hematologic malignancy.

A

Leukemia

30
Q

Why has teh American Cancer Society categorized MM as a bone malignancy and not a blood malignancy?

A

Because it arises in the marrow of bone.

31
Q

What is the most common bone malignancy?

A

Multiple myeloma

*Accounts for 1/3 of all bone cancers

32
Q

What is the etiology of Multiple Myeloma?

A

Unknown but it is known that there is a transformation of plasma cells (form of white blood cells) from a normal state to a malignant state.

33
Q

What is the definition of multiple myeloma?

A

Non-osseous tumor arising from bone marrow.

34
Q

MM affects ______ bones that contain ____ ______. List examples.

A
  • flat; red marrow
  • i.e. skull, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis
35
Q

What is an early symptom of MM?

A
  • Pain usually felt in the lower back or ribs.
  • Pain tends to go away when at rest
  • Often thought to be arthritis, osteoporosis or muscle spasms
  • Tylenol does relieve some pain
36
Q

What are some symptoms of MM?

A
  • Pain
  • Fever
  • Anemia
  • Recurring infections (pneumonia or URI)
  • Kidney failure
  • Bone loss
  • Pathologic fractures
37
Q

Where is a common site for fractures with patients that have MM?

A

The spine

38
Q

What is the classic radiographic appearance of MM?

A

Multiple punched out osteolygic lesions scattered throughout the skeletal system.

39
Q

How are the punched out osteolytic lesions best seen readiographically?

A

On lateral views of hte skull

40
Q

How is a radiograph of MM different compared to Paget’s disease?

A

There is no new bone laid down at hte sites of destruction with MM.

41
Q

How do the punched out lesions in MM differ from Bone Mets?

A

The multiple myeloma lesions tend ot be more discrete and uniform in size than those of metastatic lesions.

42
Q

What may MM simulate in it’s progresive state?

A

Postmenopausal osteoporosis

43
Q

What is one site that MM does NOT invade and why?

A

The pedicles because they do not contain marrow.

*Bone mets commonly destroys the pedicles.

44
Q

What modalities are used to precisely define the locations of malignancy with MM?

A

CT and MRI

45
Q

How does MM effect radiographic technique?

A

MM is a destructive lesion and therefor easier to penetrate. (decrease technique)

Radiologic Pathologies 3461 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions