mod 6

Question 1

what is a subsistence strategy

Answer 1

• A subsistence strategy is a manner in which a group collects or produces its food.

Question 2

human history - how have humans subsisted

Answer 2

• Throughout the majority of human history, humans have subsisted by foraging or collecting food from the land through gathering, hunting, or fishing.
  However, other groups developed food production systems rather than food collection (i.e., foragers).

Question 3

pastoralists?

Answer 3

Pastoralists, for instance, subsist by herding animals, particularly sheep, goats, or cattle, and may live nomadically or semi-nomadically.

Question 4

horticulturalists

Answer 4

○ Horticulturalists, or small-scale farmers, typically only produce what they need (i.e., subsistence farmers),

Question 5

agriculturalists

Answer 5

○ whereas agriculturalists intensively cultivate, employing fertilizers and irrigation, to produce a surplus for larger populations as well as for market sale. G

Question 6

how do gender relations vary

Answer 6

• gender relations and the status of women vary within each of these main subsistence strategies, again revealing the integrated aspects of culture.

Question 7

Bridewealth

Answer 7

A gift from the husband and his kin group to the wife and her kin group before, at, or after marriage. This legitimizes children born to the women as members of the husband’s descent group. Also referred to as brideprice. Compare with dowry.

Question 8

Domestic–public dichotomy

Answer 8

A dichotomy contrasting the women’s role in the home and the men’s role in public life, with a corresponding social devaluation of women’s work and social worth.

Question 9

dowry

Answer 9

A marriage exchange in which the wife’s kin group provides gifts to the husband’s kin group. Compare with bridewealth.

Question 10

foragers

Answer 10

(hunter–gatherers)

People who collect food that is available in nature (fruits, vegetables, nuts, animals, and fish) either by gathering, hunting, or fishing, rather than producing it. Foragers have also been referred to as hunter-gathers.

Question 11

gender division of labour

Answer 11

The way societies allocate different work or activities for males and females.

Question 12

Gender stratification

Answer 12

the system of unequal access of men and women to a society’s resources, privileges, and opportunities, and the differential control over these resources and privileges according to gender.

Question 13

Horticulture (extensive agriculture)

Answer 13

Growing domesticated crops in gardens with simple hand tools and having plots lie fallow for varying lengths of time. Also referred to as extensive agriculture. Compare with intensive agriculture.

Question 14

Intensive agriculture

Answer 14

A form of cultivation that uses plows, draft animals, irrigation, and fertilizer to: bring much land under cultivation at one time, use it year after year, and produce significant crop surpluses. Compare with horticulture (extensive agriculture).

Question 15

Pastoralism

Answer 15

A food-producing strategy based on the care of herds of domesticated animals, typically practiced by nomadic or semi-nomadic peoples.
Primary production

Question 16

Primary production

Answer 16

Primary production involves food-getting activities such as gathering, hunting, fishing, herding, and agriculture. Compare with secondary production.