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A&P > mod 5: anatomy of phonation > Flashcards

mod 5: anatomy of phonation Flashcards

1
Q

glottis

A

-space between vocal folds

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2
Q

hyoid bone (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: supports the laryx
-Location: attached to tongue
-Articulation: non-articulate, unpaired

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3
Q

cricoid cartilage (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: forms base of the larynx
-Location: sits just above the top-most tracheal ring, shaped like signet ring
-Articulation: non-articulate, unpaired

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4
Q

Thyroid cartilage (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: adams apple
-Location: superior to cricoid cartilage largest
cartilage, single cartilage, shield-like shape, sides have superior and inferior horns (cornu)
-Articulation: unpaired

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5
Q

Arytenoid cartilage (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: vocal folds attach to them
-Location: sit atop posterior cricoid cartilage
-Articulation: articulate with cricoid, paired, glide forward to shorten vocal folds to change pitch

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6
Q

Corniculate cartilage (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: perhaps to assist in forceful adduction
-Location: cap on apex of arytenoids
-Articulation: paired

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7
Q

Cuneiform cartilage (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: to support and stiffen aryepiglottic folds
-Location: flaps of mucosal lining lateral to epiglottis at opening of larynx
-Articulation: paired

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8
Q

Epiglottis cartilage (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: protects larynx from food, debris
-Location: attached to interior of thyroid cartilage, ligaments connects to root of tongue on anterior
-Articulation: unpaired

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9
Q

cricothyroid joint (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

function: pivor for thyroid to rock forward, used for pitch adjustment
movement: rock forward

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10
Q

cricoarytenoid joint (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

permits some roation and rocking in and out movement

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11
Q

thyrohyoid membrane (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

location: cover the space between the hyoid bone and the thyroid

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12
Q

Aryepiglottic folds (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

Swallowing

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13
Q

vocal folds (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A
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14
Q

ventricular/false vocal folds (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

function:
location: superior to the true folds, consist of thick foldd of mucous membrane
articulation:

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15
Q

vocal fold structure: squamos eithelium

A

most superficial, protective layer of vocal folds

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16
Q

vocal fold structure: superficial lamina propria

A

vocal folds structure with elastin fibers

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17
Q

vocal fold structure: intermediate lamina propia

A

anterior-to-posterior elastin fibers provide elasticity and strength

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18
Q

vocal fold structure: deep lamina propia

A

anterior-to-posterior collagen fibers

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19
Q

thyroarytenoid muscle parts

A

composed of the thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis

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20
Q

lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) (function, location, origin and insertion)

A

-intrinsic adductor muscle (close glottis)
-function: rotates arytenoid cartilaged to bring the vocal processes closer by rocking inward and downward (closes glottis, step 2)
-insertion: muscular process of arytenoid
-origin: superior lateral surface of the cricoid

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21
Q

interarytenoids

A

-intrinsic adductors that include the transverse arytenoids (TA) and Oblique Arytenoid (OA)

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22
Q

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (function, origin and insertion)

A

-function: the ONLY intrinsic ABductor (open glottis) Rocks arytenoid
cartilages laterally (abducts vocal
folds; opposite function of LCA)
-insertion: Posterior surface of the
muscular process of the arytenoids
-Origin: Posterior cricoid lamina

23
Q

cricothyroid muscle (function, origin and insertion, parts)

A

-intrinsic tensor
-function: move the thyroid cartilage downward closer to cricoid (tense and lengthen the vocal folds)
-Origin: Anterior cricoid cartilage
-Insertion: Lower thyroid lamina
-two parts: pars recta and pars oblique

24
Q

thyrovocalis

A
  • a thyroarytenoid intrinsic tensor
25
Q

thyromuscularis

A

-a thyroarytenoid intrinsic Relaxer

26
Q

aryepiglottic

A

-Accessory intrinsic
laryngeal muscles
-function: pulls epiglottic backward and downward into airway during swallowing

27
Q

thyroepiglottic

A

-Accessory intrinsic laryngeal muscles
-Function: Dilates airway
(depresses epiglottis), pull the epiglottis down posteriorly to cover the airway
-Origin: Inner surface of thyroid cartilage
at angle
-Insertion: Lateral
margin of
epiglottis

28
Q

Suprahyoid

A

extrinsic muscles that insert above the hyoid bone (elevate hyoid bone and larynx)

29
Q

Infrahyoid

A

extrinsic muscles that insert below the hyoid (depress the hyoid bone and larynx)

30
Q

Oblique arytenoid muscle (OA)

A

Function: Pulls the upper tips (apex)
of the arytenoids together (assists
with adduction)
Origin: Posterior base of muscular
process of arytenoids
Insertion: Apex of the opposite
arytenoid

31
Q

digastric muscle anterior belly (function, location, origin and insertion)

A

suprahyoid extrinsic muscle
-function: draws hyoid up and foward
-origin: mandible, courses medially and inferiorly
-insertion: hyoid bone
-innervated: CN 5 trigeminal

32
Q

digastric muscle posterior belly

A

suprahyoid extrinsic muscle
-Function: draws hyoid up and back
-origin: mastoid process of the skill, courses medially and downward
-insertion: hyoid bone
-innervated: CN 7 Facial

33
Q

stylohyoid muscle

A

extrinsic suprahyoid muscle
-function: draws the hyoid up and backward
-origin: styloid process, down and forward
-insertion: corpus of hyoid, splits and goes around digastric
-innervation: CN 7 Facial

34
Q

mylohyoid (function, origin and insertion, location, innervation)

A

-extrinsic suprahyoid muscle
-Function: Elevates hyoid, depresses mandible, forms muscular floor of mouth
-Origin: Along the mylohyoid line
-Insertion: Corpus of hyoid and the floor of the mouth
-innervation: CN 5 (trigeminal)

35
Q

geniohyoid muscle (function, origin and insertion, location, innervation)

A

-extrinsic suprahyoid muscle
-function: Elevates hyoid, depresses mandible
-Origin: Mandible
-Insertion: Corpus of hyoid
-innervation: CN 7 hypglossal

36
Q

hypoglossus

A

extrinsic suprahyoid muscle
-function: elevated hyoid, depresses tongue
-origin: upper border of the body and greater horns of hyroid
-insertion: posterior and lateral regions of the rongue
-innervation: CN 12 hypoglossal

37
Q

genioglossus

A

extrinsic suprahyoid muscle
-origin: mandible, fans upward
-insertion: corpus of hyoid and tongue
-function: elevates the hyoid
-innervation: CN 12 hypoglossal

38
Q

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

A

extrinsic suprahyoid muscle
-function: constricts pharynx )active during swallowing, elevate larynx)
-origin: lower portion of pharynx
-insertion: posterior pharynheal raphe
-innervation: CN 10 vagus

39
Q

sternohyoid

A

extrinsic infrahyoid muscle
-function: draws the hyoid done downwards
-Origin: Posterior surface of manubrium, the medial end of the clavicle
-Insertion: Lower border of the hyoid body
-innervation: spinal nerves

40
Q

omohyoid

A

extrinsic infrahyoid muscle

41
Q

sternothyroid

A

extrinsic suprahyoid muscle
-Function: Lowers the thyroid, larynx
-innervation: combo og hypoglossan and spinal nerves
-Origin: Posterior surface of the manubrium of sternum
and first costal cartilage
-Insertion: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

42
Q

thyrohyoid

A

extrinsic infrahyoid muscle
-Origin: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
-Insertion: Lower border of greater horn of hyoid
-Function: Either lowers hyoid or elevates larynx,
depending on other muscles
-Innervation: Combination of CN XII (Hypoglossal) and Spinal nerves

43
Q

Transverse Arytenoid muscle (TA) (function, location, origin and insertion)

A

intrinsic adductor, AKA transverse interarytenoid
-Function: Contraction pulls the middle
edges of the arytenoid cartilaged together tightly for adduction (step 2 glottal cycle)
-Origin: Lateral margin of posterior
arytenoid
-Insertion: Lateral margin of opposite
arytenoid
-location: Horizontally (laterally) across
backs of arytenoids

44
Q

intrinsic muscles (location and function)

A

-Origin and insertion on
the laryngeal
cartilages (within the
larynx)
-Have a variety of
functions for
controlling phonation

45
Q

extrinsic muscles (location and function)

A

-Origin and/or insertion
elsewhere (outside the
larynx)
-Function to stabilize
larynx and/or move
the larynx up/down

46
Q

Adductors

A

-function to bring vocal folds together and the arytenoid cartilages together which closes the glottis
-include the lateral cricoarytenoids (LCA), the transverse Arytenoid (TA) and the oblique Arytenoid (OA)

47
Q

tensors

A

-function: tense vocal folds
-include cricothyroids (CT), thyrovocalis (part of thyriarytenoid)

48
Q

relaxor

A

includes the thyromuscularis

49
Q
A
50
Q

Valleculae

A

space between tongue and
epiglottis, collects saliva. formed by the membrane between the tongue and
the epiglottis folds to protect the airway from food or liquid

51
Q

abduction

A

includes posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. Process of the vocal folds coming apart terminating phonation

52
Q

intrinsic v extrinsic muscles

A

Intrinsic muscles control phonation and have both origin and attachment points
within the larynx. Extrinsic muscles have one connection point outside the larynx to stabilize it
and either elevate or depress the larynx itself, do not work on phonation

53
Q

Primary arytenoid movement

A

Rocking and gliding: rocking in to adductor vocal folds rock out to abduct vocal folds- glide forward to shorten vocal folds glide back to lengthen folds which increase frequency

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