ch 2: Respiratory skeletal system

Question 1

five dimensions of vertebral column

Answer 1

-Cervical (7)
-thoracis (12)
-Lumbar (5)
-Sacral compose fused sacrum (5),
-Coccyx - Fused vertebrae (4)

Question 2

vertebrae landmarks

Answer 2

1) vertebral foramen- hole in middle of spinal column
2) spinous process- extends posteriorly(palpable)
3)transverse process- extending laterally and slightly posteriorly
4) corpus- main body

Question 3

functions of cervical vertebrae (connected/overall function)

Answer 3

C1-C-7
-C1 articulated with skull(supports rotation)
-C2 supports skull pivot (left right front back)
-movement of head

Question 4

functions of throacic vertebrae (connected/overall function)

Answer 4

T1-T12
-basis for respiratiry framework
-T1 articulated with first rib
-T10-T12 articulate with ribs 10-12, other ribs articulate between same number and vertebrae above it (rib 2 with T1 and T2) they go down

Question 5

Function for Lumbar, scral and coccyx vertebrae

Answer 5

-Lumbar: attachment point for back and abdominal muscles, posteror fibers of diaphragm
-sacral: fused set of 5 vertebrae, articulated with pelvic girdle (ilium)
-coccyx: fused set of 4 coccygeal vertebrae, no function

Question 6

three components of sternum

Answer 6

1. manubrium- top
2. copus/body- middle
3. xiphoid process- bottom

Question 7

Ribs: true false and floating descriptions

Answer 7

1) true ribs: 1-7 attached ro sternum directly via costal cartilage
2) false ribs: 8-10 attached to sternum indirectly
3) floating ribs: 11-12 do not articulate with sternum

Question 8

characteristics of ribs

Answer 8

-elevates during inspiration- transverse dimension increases
-posterior higher than anterior( slants down), barrel shape
-provies protesion to thoracic cavity
-all attach to vertrbral column

Question 9

pectoral girdle (functions and components)

Answer 9

-connects bony thorax to upper extemities
-a frame to support thoraic and back muscles
1. clavicle: anterior and superior to rib cage
2. Scapula: shoulder blade, posterior and superior to rib cage
3: sternum

Question 10

pelvic girdle

Answer 10

-ilium; hip bone which is palpable at it’s superior lateral margin
-iliac bones
-public symphysis( middle) LOOK AT PICTURE

Question 11

pleural linings function and location

Answer 11

-continueous epithelial lining; airtight membranes inging inner surface of thoracic cavity
-provide friction-free interaction between rib cage and lung surfaces
1) costal (parietal) innersurface of rib cage
2) visceral pleurae-surface of the lungs

Question 12

function of nasal, oral cavities, pharynx and larynx

Answer 12

nasal, oral cavities moisten and warm air
pharynx- resonation
larynx- protextive function

Question 13

trachea

Answer 13

-cartilaginous tube connecting larynx and bronchial passageways
-Composed of 16-20
horseshoe shaped rings of
cartilage separated by
fibroelastic membrane

Question 14

bronchi

Answer 14

the cartilaginous tubes connecting the trachea to the lungs

Question 15

mediastinum

Answer 15

Separation between the
lungs, where heart,
esophagus and blood
vessels reside (middle
space)

Question 16

alveolar ducts

Answer 16

As a result of diffusion,
oxygen and carbon
dioxide are exchanged
here

Question 17

thoracic cavity contains the

Answer 17

• Lungs
• Pleural Membranes
• Two thin, air-tight membranes
  that encase the lungs
• Heart
• Blood Vessels
• Esophagus

Question 18

lobes of lungs

Answer 18

-Three on the right:
superior, middle, inferior
-Two on the left: superior,
inferior
-Apex (top)
-Base concave to fit the
diaphragm
-Left has cardiac
impression

Question 19

What is the purpose of the superior-inferior articular facets?

Answer 19

Articulation of vertebrae