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A&P > exam 4: neuro > Flashcards

exam 4: neuro Flashcards

1
Q

cerebrum lobes

A

-five lobes
1)four lobes mirror anatomy of skull; frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
2)insular lobe; Deep to frontal,
parietal and temporal
lobes

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2
Q

insula lobe of cerebrum

A

-involved with perception of self and
body states, motor planning and
speech gestures

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3
Q

subcortex: basal ganglia

A

-paired structure
-related to control/coordination of movement and initation of movement
-strong connections to thalamus, motor cortex and somatosensory cortex
-white matter connections between cortex and brainstem;pass through basal ganglia

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4
Q

subcortex: hippo campus

A

-paired structure
-implicated in memory function
-communicates with thalamus and temporal lobe

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5
Q

subcortex: thalamus

A

-paired structure sitauted at the top of the brainstem above the midbrain
-part of the third ventricle
-The part of the limbic system that is the pathway for almost allspecial senses
-final common relay station for sensory info directed toward cerebral cortex
-all sensation; except olfaction, passes through thalamus

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6
Q

brainstem

A

The origin for most cranial nerves, made up of the midbrain, pons, and medulla

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7
Q

brainstem: pons

A

Connects motor planning centers of brain to
cerebellum

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8
Q

brainstem: medulla

A

Consists primarily of transmission pathways
1) Pyramidal tract – carries signals to muscles; initiation of movement
from cortex
2) Pyramidal decussation – motor commands
from one hemisphere cross to serve the
opposite side of the body (juncture for
contralateral organization)

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9
Q

brainstem: midbrain

A

-Connecting link between lower and higher
brain centers
-Connects cerebellum to cerebrum and basal
ganglia
- Relays auditory and visual information

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10
Q

central nervous sytsem CNS includes

A

the brain; all encased in bone
1)Cerebrum (cerebral cortex)
2)Cerebellum
3)Subcortical structures
4)Brainstem
5)Spinal cord

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11
Q

peripheral nervous sytem PNS includes

A

Most components outside of bone
1)Cranial nerves
2)Spinal nerves
3)Sensory receptors

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12
Q

Cerebrum; miningeal lining layers

A

1)Dura-two- layers of tough lining attached mostly to skull, most superficial!
2)Arachnoid- lacey-web like lining w/ space for blood vessells. Loose connection between skull and brain. Beneach is thecerebrospinal fluid
3)Pia matter- thin fascia-like covering, closely follows contours of the brain
FUNCTION: protect the brain, hold structures in place, provides support to brain structures

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13
Q

ventricles

A

-lateral ventricles: paired, four spaces bound superiorly by corpus callosum
-3rd ventricles; located between left and right thalami and hypothalami
-4th ventricle: diamond shaped, projects upward from central canal of spinal cord
FUNCTION: communicating cavities where cerebrospinal fluidis created

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14
Q

cerebellum lobes

A

1) Anterior-controls muscle tone operating against gravity
2) Middle-coordinates fine moror adjustments
3) flocculonodular-communicates with the vestibular system corrdinates body position in space

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15
Q

cerebellum

A

An area in the posterior section of the brain that is responsible for coordinating motor movements with sensory input

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16
Q

gyri (landmark) of cerebrum

A

ridges (outfoldings)

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17
Q

sulci (landmark) of cerebrym

A

valleys (infoldings)

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18
Q

fissures

A

deeper, more pronounced sulci

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19
Q

aphasia

A

Loss of language ability due to
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in a language area (usually left hemisphere)

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20
Q

brocas aphasia

A

A disorder that impacts language production/speech from damage in front lobe, though comprehension is less affected; understands cant fully respond

21
Q

wernickes aphasia

A

poor comprehension but fluent
speech (syntax) (though often lacking in content or nonsensical) from damage in left temporal lobe; can respond but makes no sense/no comprehension

22
Q

dysarthia

A

Weakness, paralysis or incoordination of the
muscles involved in speech due to damage to
neuromotor pathways; A disorder that impacts speech production because the
muscles do not receive the correct signals (spastic, flaccid,
etc)

23
Q

apraxia/dyspraxia

A

A disorder that impacts speech production because the brain cannot plan or organize movements correctly

24
Q

temporal lobe

A

The lobe of the brain that primarily deals with auditory processing; receptive language

25
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

The lobe of the brain that primarily deals with sensory integration; Location for somatic (body)
sensory reception

26
Q

Supramarginal Gyrus and Angular
Gyrus

A

involved in reading and writing; in the parietal lobe

27
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

The lobe of the brain that primarily deals with personality and motor functions

28
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

The lobe of the brain that primarily deals with vision

29
Q

insular Lobe

A

The lobe of the brain that primarily deals with self perception and integrates with the limbic system

30
Q

motor (efferent) neurons

A

-Carry impulses from the CNS to the periphery
-Located within the brainstem or spinal cord

31
Q

sensory (afferent) neurons

A

-Carry information from the periphery and
communicate that with the CNS

32
Q

pyramidal tract

A

Part of the somatic nervous system that controls the conscious initiation of movement (arises from motor strip)

33
Q

EXTRApyramidal tract

A

Part of the somatic nervous system that controls supporting functions of conscious movement like balance, muscle tone (arises from pre motor strip)

34
Q

Wernicke’s area (# 22)

A

receptive language; An area in the posterior section of the temporal lobe that is
primarily responsible for language comprehension

35
Q

brocas area

A

An area in the inferior section of the frontal lobe that is primarily responsible for language production;

36
Q

somato sensory strip

A

An area in the parietal lobe responsible for mapping general sensation throughout the body

37
Q

somatic nervous system

A

Aspects that are under voluntary
control; includes pyramidal and extrapyrimidal tract

38
Q

central sulcus

A

The division between the frontal and parietal lobes

39
Q

Lateral Sulcus

A

The division between the frontal and temporal lobes

40
Q

Supplementary Motor Area

A

An area in the frontal lobe responsible for helping secondary aspects of motor plans

41
Q

premotor cortex

A

planning movements

42
Q

gray matter

A

CORTEX; Outer surface of the brain
Superficial areas of the CNS that are NOT
myelinated
 2-4 mm thick
 Comprised of 6 cell layers

43
Q

white matter

A

-White matter connects one region of the
cerebrum to another and to lower brain
centers
-“White” because of myelinated axons
-Deep areas of the CNS that are myelinated

44
Q

Ipsilateral Organization

A

When an area of the CNS controls the SAME side of the body
(left-to-left)
example; spinal cord

45
Q

corpus collosum

A

Commissural fibers that are the main connection between the
left and right hemispheres

46
Q

Arcuate Fascilicus

A

Long association fibers that connect Broca’s and Wernicke’s area

47
Q

brodmanns areas related to specfic functions

A

-Heschl’s gyrus (Area 41): All auditory information is projected here
-Area 42: Higher order processing region for auditory stimulation
-Wernicke’s area (Area 22):Damage here results in disturbances of spoken language decoding

48
Q

brodmanns area 44

A

Frontal Operculum (Broca’s Area 44)
Speech motor planning

A&P (11 decks)

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