Ch 3: Physiology of respiration

Question 1

quiet inspiration

Answer 1

contraction of diaphragm, takes 40% of breath cycle

Question 2

passiven expiration

Answer 2

Expiration by passive forces (elasticity, gravity pulls lungs down), takes 60% of breath cycle

Question 3

spirometer

Answer 3

measures respiratory volume

Question 4

in a cycle, a volume of air is moved due to

Answer 4

changes in pressure within the lungs

Question 5

manometer

Answer 5

measures air pressure
-has body of water, pressure measured as amount of displacement of water

Question 6

atmospheric pressure

Answer 6

pressure outside of the body, reference point, constant is zero

Question 7

alveolar pressure drops during

Answer 7

drops during inspiration, rises during expiration

Question 8

intrapleural pressure

Answer 8

space between parietal and visceral membranes; always negative, more so during inspiration

Question 9

intraoral pressure

Answer 9

within the oral cavity

Question 10

subglottal pressure

Answer 10

below the vocal folds

Question 11

change in ai pressure for respiration is ____%

Answer 11

0.2% change

Question 12

When Diaphragm contracts for
inspiration the Intrapleural pressure

Answer 12

Intrapleural pressure
becomes a larger “negative

Question 13

relaxing the muscles after inspiration results in _____ alveolar pressure due to ____

Answer 13

Relaxing the muscles after inspiration results in positive alveolar pressure
due to expanded lungs and torqued cartilage

Question 14

With advanced age,
residual volume _____,
while total lung capacity
and vital capacity _____

Answer 14

With advanced age,
residual volume (air in lungs after expiration) increases,
while total lung capacity
and vital capacity (volume of air inhaled following exhalation) decrease; Years of gravity pulls lungs and bronchi to a
lower position within
the thorax, so less effect
of rib cage raising and
expansion

Question 15

resting respiration, walking, exercise BPM

Answer 15

resting: 12-18 bpm
walking: 12-21 bpm
exercise: 30 bpm

Question 16

intrapleural pressure changes during expiration and inspiration are

Answer 16

more negative during inspiration, less negative during expiration

Question 17

Pressure changes at alveoli

Answer 17

negative during inspiration, positive during expiration

Question 18

unit of measure for respiration for rate, volume and pressure

Answer 18

rate- bpm
volume- ml
pressure- H20 or cm

Question 19

pressure/volume relationship; An expansion in lung volume _____ pressure

Answer 19

An expansion in lung volume decreases pressure

Question 20

pressure/volume relationship; A reduction in lung volume _____ pressure

Answer 20

A reduction in lung volume increases pressure

Question 21

40% of cycle for inspiration, 60% for expiration, for speech it is

Answer 21

10% of cycle is inspiration, 90% expiration

Question 22

speech respiration

Answer 22

Requires forced inspiration, followed by resistance to passive
expiration and forced expiration

Question 23

diseases that affect respiratory function

Answer 23

1) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); cough lasting 3m-2yr, smoking, fatigue during speech, inflammation of bronchial passageway
2)asthma, bronchitis, lung cancer, pleurisy, pheumonia, sleep apnea, pulmonary fibrosis

Question 24

Tidal Volume (TV)

Answer 24

volume exchanged in one cycle of
breathing

Question 25

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Answer 25

volume that can be
inhaled following inspiration

Question 26

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 26

volume that can be
exhaled following expiration

Question 27

Residual Volume (RV)

Answer 27

volume of air remaining in the lungs
after maximal exhalation

Question 28

Vital Capacity (VC

Answer 28

volume of air that can be inspired following maximal
exhalation (TV+IRV+ERV)

Question 29

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 29

volume of air that can be inspired following maximal
exhalation (Vital Capacity) + volume of air remaining in the lungs
after maximal exhalation (Residual Volume)(VC+RV)

Question 30

pressure required for quiet conversational speech

Answer 30

7-10 cm H20

Question 31

pressure required to produce phonation

Answer 31

3-5 cm H20

Question 32

which air is used for speech

Answer 32

vital capacity VC

Question 33

When Diaphragm contracts for
inspiration Alveolar, subglottal, intraoral
pressures becomes

Answer 33

negative

Question 34

Inspiration finished, before
expirationintraoral,subglottal and alveolar pressure are equal to

Answer 34

Intraoral pressure =
atmospheric pressure
Subglottal pressure =
atmospheric pressure
Alveolar pressure =
atmospheric pressure

Question 35

when diaphragm contracts Alveolar, subglottal, intraoral
pressures become

Answer 35

Alveolar, subglottal, intraoral
pressures becomes negative
re: atmospheric

Question 35

As Expiration begins intrapleural pressure becomes ____ and Alveolar pressure becomes

Answer 35

less negative ; positive relative to
atmosphere

Question 36

as expiration begins, subglottal and intraoral pressure become

Answer 36

Subglottal & intraoral
pressure become positive
re: atmosphere