Ch 3: Physiology of respiration Flashcards
quiet inspiration
contraction of diaphragm, takes 40% of breath cycle
passiven expiration
Expiration by passive forces (elasticity, gravity pulls lungs down), takes 60% of breath cycle
spirometer
measures respiratory volume
in a cycle, a volume of air is moved due to
changes in pressure within the lungs
manometer
measures air pressure
-has body of water, pressure measured as amount of displacement of water
atmospheric pressure
pressure outside of the body, reference point, constant is zero
alveolar pressure drops during
drops during inspiration, rises during expiration
intrapleural pressure
space between parietal and visceral membranes; always negative, more so during inspiration
intraoral pressure
within the oral cavity
subglottal pressure
below the vocal folds
change in ai pressure for respiration is ____%
0.2% change
When Diaphragm contracts for
inspiration the Intrapleural pressure
Intrapleural pressure
becomes a larger “negative
relaxing the muscles after inspiration results in _____ alveolar pressure due to ____
Relaxing the muscles after inspiration results in positive alveolar pressure
due to expanded lungs and torqued cartilage
With advanced age,
residual volume _____,
while total lung capacity
and vital capacity _____
With advanced age,
residual volume (air in lungs after expiration) increases,
while total lung capacity
and vital capacity (volume of air inhaled following exhalation) decrease; Years of gravity pulls lungs and bronchi to a
lower position within
the thorax, so less effect
of rib cage raising and
expansion
resting respiration, walking, exercise BPM
resting: 12-18 bpm
walking: 12-21 bpm
exercise: 30 bpm
intrapleural pressure changes during expiration and inspiration are
more negative during inspiration, less negative during expiration
Pressure changes at alveoli
negative during inspiration, positive during expiration
unit of measure for respiration for rate, volume and pressure
rate- bpm
volume- ml
pressure- H20 or cm
pressure/volume relationship; An expansion in lung volume _____ pressure
An expansion in lung volume decreases pressure
pressure/volume relationship; A reduction in lung volume _____ pressure
A reduction in lung volume increases pressure
40% of cycle for inspiration, 60% for expiration, for speech it is
10% of cycle is inspiration, 90% expiration
speech respiration
Requires forced inspiration, followed by resistance to passive
expiration and forced expiration
diseases that affect respiratory function
1) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); cough lasting 3m-2yr, smoking, fatigue during speech, inflammation of bronchial passageway
2)asthma, bronchitis, lung cancer, pleurisy, pheumonia, sleep apnea, pulmonary fibrosis
Tidal Volume (TV)
volume exchanged in one cycle of
breathing
