Mod 5 Flashcards
differences in gender, age groups, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, language preference, religion, political views, and special needs as well as race and ethnicity.2
Diversity
subcultural group within a multicultural society
Ethnicity
Membership in an ethnic group is usually based on
common national or tribal heritage
Hutchinson and Smith
definition of an ethnic group includes six main features including:
- A common proper name, to identify and express the “essence” of the community
- A myth of common ancestry that includes the idea of common origin in time and place and that gives an ethnie a sense of fictive kinship
- Shared historical memories, or better, shared memories of a common past or pasts, including heroes, events, and their commemoration
- One or more elements of common culture, which need not be specified but normally include religion, customs, and language
- A link with a homeland, not necessarily its physical occupation by the ethnie, only its symbolic attachment to the ancestral land, as with diaspora peoples
- A sense of solidarity on the part of at least some sections of the ethnie’s population
primary sense of belonging to an ethnic group.
ethnicity
categorization of parts of a population based on physical appearance due to particular historical social and political forces
Race
cultural modification of an individual or group by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture
Acculturation
person who flees one area or country to seek shelter or protection from danger
Refugee
differences in the incidence, prevalence and mortality and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions among specific population groups
Health disparities
group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership
Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous People
mandates state recognition, protection, promotion, and fulfillment of the rights of Indigenous Peoples
Philippine Constitution
Estimate of Indigenous Peoples (IPs) belonging to 110 ethno-linguistic groups;
14- 17 million
Northern Luzon (Cordillera Administrative Region, 33%) and Mindanao (61%),
Ten upland tribal groups on Luzon
Ifugao, Bontoc, Kankana-ey, Ibaloi, Kalinga, Tinguian, Isneg, Gaddang, Ilongot and Negrito.
main forms of work (igorot community)
wet-rice farmers (Ifugaos, Bontocs and Kankana-ey)
wet-rice and dry-rice growing techniques (Kalinga and Tinguian)
shifting cultivation (Isneg, Ilongot and Gaddang).
healing ritual done because of the belief that the disease is caused by a malevolent spirit
ABAT” and “SENGA”
Involves a traditional priest or a medium, butchering of animals (chicken or piglet), gongs and
other materials in the ritual
ABAT and SENGA
THREATS TO COMMUNITY HEALTH AMONG IGOROT PEOPLE
Land-grabbing
Discrimination and inequalities
Destructive socio-economic projects such as megadams, large-scale mines and megatourism
Commercialization of indigenous culture
Institutionalized discrimination
Violation and non-recognition of indigenous socio-political systems and processes
Government neglect of basic social services to indigenous people
A group of people termed in Negrito during the Spanish colonial rule. These minorities emerged from early waves of Malay or Proto-Malay migrants
AETA/AYTA/AGTA COMMUNITY
mainly skilled in hunting, gathering and jungle survival.
nomadic, monotheistic, peace and non-violent
resisted colonization
AETA/AYTA/AGTA COMMUNITY
Language of aeta community
sambal
they believe that any type of exploitation or wasting of resources would be offensive to the spirits.
AETA/AYTA/AGTA COMMUNITY
THREATS TO COMMUNITY HEALTH OF THE AETA PEOPLE
Dispossession, poverty and political discrimination through decades of protracted land rights processes
Little recognition and support from the local government
Marginalization and displacement due to land grabbers, illegal logging, mining and slash-burn
farming
Racial discrimination
bisayan term meaning “indigenous”, “native” or “born of the earth”.
Lumad
Lumad tribal groupings include
Ata, Bagobo, Mamanwa, Mandaya, Manobo, Subanon and Tiruray.
61% of the total population of indigenous people
Lumad
socio-political context of the Lumad
burdened with violence and oppression, and among this population, the most vulnerable are still women and children
THREATS TO COMMUNITY HEALTH OF THE LUMAD PEOPLE
Long-term displacement
Legalized land dispossession through harassment and illegal possession
Threats from development of plantation agriculture, logging concessions, hydro-electric and
geothermal energy plant schemes
Considered to be outnumbered in their ancestral lands
Human rights violation including destruction and burning down of schools, areal bombings
and use of school facilities for military operations
reporting of accurate and complete race and ethnicity data provides essential information to
to target and evaluate public health interventions aimed at under-represented populations.
health was both a collective and an individual inter- generational continuum encompassing a holistic perspective incorporating four distinct shared dimensions of life.
definition of Indigenous health; World Health Organization (2001)
four fundamental dimensions of life
spiritual, the intellectual, physical and emotional
EXPLANATORY FRAMEWORKS FOR INDIGENOUS HEALTH DISPARITIES
RACIAL DIFFERENCES
HEALTH BEHAVIORS
SOCIOECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE
HISTORICAL PROCESSES OF COLONIZATION
URBANIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION
STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING INDIGENOUS HEALTH POLICY
Health system development and financing
Capacity building for human resources
Community participation in policy and program delivery
Health care, health promotion and disease prevention programs development and delivery
Comprehensive integration of Western and traditional health systems
National health information, monitoring and evaluation systems
Addressing issues on land reform
Political recognition of indigenous peoples
Support for the retention of indigenous languages and culture
Address poverty, educational reform and programs to improve housing quality
government body responsible of protecting the rights of ICCs/IPs through governmental programs
National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
declares that the State shall recognize and promote all the rights of Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs) to government basic services health. This also addresses the social, economic and cultural well-being of IPs
R.A. 8371: The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2007 (UNDRIP)
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2007 (UNDRIP)
- Right to improvement of their economic and social conditions without discrimination
- Right to traditional medicines and maintaining their health practices
- Right to conserve their conserve their vital medicinal resources and access health and
social services without discrimination
- Right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
Made the recommendation urging all member states to include intercultural
perspective within their health policies, programs and services with special reference to reproductive health as well as to reassess the role play by healers and midwives as agents for the exchange between ancestral medicine and western medicine
United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 2000 (UNPFII)
seeks
to establish access to comprehensive and integrated mental health services, while protecting the
rights of people with mental disorders and their family members
Mental Health Act (Republic Act no. 11036
state of successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to adapt to change and to cope with adversity
Mental health, Healthy People 2010
