MOD 1 Flashcards
Governmental health agencies exist at what governmental levels
international, national, state, and local
most widely recognized international governmental health organization
World Health Organization
World Health Organization headquarters is located in
Geneva, Switzerland
Organization absorbed by the WHO
International D’Hygiène Publique (1907)
dissolved when the WHO was created
Health Organization of the League of Nations (1919)
dissolved in 1946—its work is carried out today by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (1950)
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (1943)
formerly known as the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (1946)
still an independent organization but is integrated with WHO in a regional office
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (1902)
International D’Hygiène Publique
1907
Health Organization of the League of Nations
1919
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
1943
United Nations Children’s Fund
1946
Pan American Health Organization
1902
provides technical cooperation, carries out programs to control and eradicate disease and striving to improve the quality of human life
World Health Organization
approving the WHO program and the budget for the following biennium and deciding major policy questions.
The World Health Assembly
primary objective of the WHO
attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health
6 core functions
Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed
• Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation, and dissemination of valuable knowledge
• Setting norms and standards, and promoting and monitoring their implementation;
• Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options
• Providing technical support, catalyzing change, and building sustainable institutional
capacity
• Monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends
principles and values of WHO
peace, security, and disarmament;
development and poverty eradication;
protecting our common environment;
human rights, democracy, and good governance;
protecting the vulnerable; meeting special needs of Africa;
and strengthening the United Nations
established goals and targets to be reached by 2015 in each of the seven areas
Road Map
resulting eight goals in the area of development and poverty eradication were referred to as
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
aimed at reducing poverty and hunger, tackling ill health, gender inequality, lack of education, lack of access to improved drinking water, and environmental degradation
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
new universal and transformative post-2015 development agenda of MDGs supported by a set of 17 goals referred to as
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
concentrated towards eradicating poverty, addressing climate change, and increasing economic growth.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
seek improved availability, quality, and timeliness of data, national level analyses, and global level outcome
SDGs
department or agency that has the primary responsibility for the protection of the health and welfare of its citizens.
NATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES
primary national health agency
Department of Health and Human Services
principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services
Department of Health and Human Services
over-all technical authority on health in the Philippines
Department of Health
provide national policy direction and develop national plans, technical standards and guidelines on health
DOH
federal agency responsible for increasing access to community supports
Administration for Community Living
focuses attention and resources on the unique needs of older Americans and people with disabilities across the lifespan
Administration for Community Living
responsible for providing direction and leadership for all federal programs to ensure children and families are resilient and economically secure
Administration for Children and Families (ACF)
programs originating from ACF which serves nearly one million preschool children
Head Start
Nation’s lead federal agency for research on health care quality, costs, outcomes, and patient safety
Agency for Health Care Research and Quality
deal with the cleanup of hazardous substances in the environment
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
agency was created by the Superfund legislation
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
ATSDR’s mission
serve the public through responsive public health actions to promote healthy and safe environments and prevent harmful exposures
leading health agency, dedicated to saving lives and protecting the health of Americans
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
works to control communicable diseases, maintains records, analyzes disease trends, and publishes epidemiological reports
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDC tagline
CDC 24/7
providing intra-agency support and resource-sharing for cross-cutting issues and specific health threats
Centers, Institutes, and Offices (CIOs
charged with protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
health regulatory agency under the Department of Health responsible for licensing, monitoring, and regulation of products
Food and Drug Administration
overseeing the Medicare program, the federal portion of the Medicaid program, and the related quality assurance activities.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
created in 1965 to ensure that the special groups covered by these programs would not be deprived of health care because of cost
Medicare and Medicaid
responsible for providing federal health services to American Indians and Alaska Natives
,provides a comprehensive health service delivery system
Indian Health Service (IHS)
seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce the burdens of illness and disability.
National Institutes of Health
seeks to ensure that federal research monies are spent on the best-conceived research projects
National Institutes of Health
National Institutes of Health in the Philippines was created on
By
January 26, 1996
University of the Philippines Board of Regents
institutional home of a network of researchers and research institutions
National Institutes of Health in the Philippines
national health research center of the Philippines that is responsible for biomedical and public health research.
National Institutes of Health
responsible for ensuring that up-to-date information and state-of-the-art practice are effectively used for the prevention and treatment of addictive and mental disorders
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
SAMHSA’s mission
reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on American’s communities
Four centers within SAMHSA
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), and the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), and the Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ),
Purpose of state health departments
to promote, protect, and maintain the health and welfare of their citizens.
referred to as local health departments (LHDs), are usually the responsibility of the city or county governments
Local-level governmental health organizations
organizations that have some official health responsibilities but operate, in part, like voluntary health organizations
quasi-governmental health organizations
Examples of quasi-governmental agencies
American Red Cross (ARC), the National Science Foundation, and the National Academy of Sciences.
funded by private donations or, in some cases, by membership dues.
Non-governmental health agencies
Agencies that operate free from governmental interference
Non-governmental health agencies
Examples of quasi-governmental health organizations
American Red Cross (ARC), the National Science Foundation, and the National Academy of Sciences.
American Red Cross (ARC), founded in
By
1881 by Clara Barton,
involved only in the provision of blood and short-term palliatives
Philippine Red Cross
PRC provides six major services
National Blood Services, Disaster Management Services, Safety Services, Health Services, Welfare Services and Red Cross Youth
fundamental principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service, unity and universality.
given the Philippine Red Cross autonomy and independence and
tasked them with supporting the Philippine government in humanitarian tasks
Republic Act 10072
exempts the organization from certain tax obligations to the Philippine
government
Philippine Red
Cross Act of 2009
purpose of NSF
funding and promotion of scientific research and the development of individual scientists.
non-profit, non-governmental and whose mission is to combat a particular disease, disability, or group of diseases and disabilities,
Voluntary Health Agencies
made up of health professionals who have completed specialized education and training programs and have met the standards of registration, certification, and/or licensure
Professional health organizations and associations
These foundations support community health by funding programs and research on the prevention, control, and treatment of many diseases.
Philanthropic foundations
Members of these groups enjoy social interactions with people of similar interests in addition to fulfilling the groups’ primary reason for existence—service
Service, social, and religious organizations
“health” is derived from hal, which means
hale, sound, whole.
New Oxford Dictionary of English describes health as
state of being free from illness or injury
professional point of view, health is defined as
state of the physical bodily organs, and the ability of the body as a whole to function.
World Health Organization (WHO) in 1946, states that health is
physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity
Recent definition of health
dynamic state or condition of the human organism that is multidimensional
health status is determined by the interaction of what domains
Gestational endowments, social circumstances, environmental conditions, behavioral choices, and the availability of quality medical care
collective body of individuals identified by common characteristics
community
Communities are characterized by what elements
(1) membership
(2) common symbol systems
(3) shared values and norms;
(4) mutual influence
(5) shared need and commitment
(6) shared emotional connection
“what we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy.”
Definition of public healty by The Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1988
activities undertaken within the formal structure of government
public health system
health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health.
Community health
the health outcomes of a group of individuals
population health
health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries
global health
Physical factors that affect the health of a community
geography, the environment, community size, and industrial development.
influenced by its altitude, latitude, and climate.
Geography
directly related to the quality of our stewardship of it.
Environment
the design, construction, management, and land use of human-made surroundings as an interrelated whole, as well as their relationship to human activities over time
built environment
the greater its range of health problems and the greater its number of health resources
Community Size
provides a community with added resources for community health programs
Industrial Development
arise from the interaction of individuals or groups within the community.
Social factors
arise from guidelines that individuals “inherit” from being a part of a particular society
Cultural factors
can affect the health of a community through reductions in health and social services
Economy
Those who happen to be in political office can improve or jeopardize the health of their community by the decisions they make.
Politics
defined by education, employment, or income, both individual- and community-level socioeconomic status have independent effects on health.
Socioeconomic Status
community groups are helped to identify common problems or change targets, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies for reaching their collective goals
Community organizing
the more individuals who become immunized against a specific communicable disease, the slower the disease will spread and the fewer people will be exposed.
herd immunity
