MOD 1 Flashcards by Aubs Ganda

Governmental health agencies exist at what governmental levels

international, national, state, and local

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most widely recognized international governmental health organization

World Health Organization

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World Health Organization headquarters is located in

Geneva, Switzerland

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Organization absorbed by the WHO

International D’Hygiène Publique (1907)

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dissolved when the WHO was created

Health Organization of the League of Nations (1919)

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dissolved in 1946—its work is carried out today by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (1950)

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (1943)

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formerly known as the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (1946)

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still an independent organization but is integrated with WHO in a regional office

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (1902)

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International D’Hygiène Publique

1907

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Health Organization of the League of Nations

1919

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United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

1943

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United Nations Children’s Fund

1946

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Pan American Health Organization

1902

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provides technical cooperation, carries out programs to control and eradicate disease and striving to improve the quality of human life

World Health Organization

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approving the WHO program and the budget for the following biennium and deciding major policy questions.

The World Health Assembly

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primary objective of the WHO

attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health

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6 core functions

Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed
• Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation, and dissemination of valuable knowledge
• Setting norms and standards, and promoting and monitoring their implementation;
• Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options
• Providing technical support, catalyzing change, and building sustainable institutional
capacity
• Monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends

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principles and values of WHO

peace, security, and disarmament;
development and poverty eradication;
protecting our common environment;
human rights, democracy, and good governance;
protecting the vulnerable; meeting special needs of Africa;
and strengthening the United Nations

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established goals and targets to be reached by 2015 in each of the seven areas

Road Map

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resulting eight goals in the area of development and poverty eradication were referred to as

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

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aimed at reducing poverty and hunger, tackling ill health, gender inequality, lack of education, lack of access to improved drinking water, and environmental degradation

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

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new universal and transformative post-2015 development agenda of MDGs supported by a set of 17 goals referred to as

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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concentrated towards eradicating poverty, addressing climate change, and increasing economic growth.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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seek improved availability, quality, and timeliness of data, national level analyses, and global level outcome

SDGs

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department or agency that has the primary responsibility for the protection of the health and welfare of its citizens.

NATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES

primary national health agency

Department of Health and Human Services

principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services

Department of Health and Human Services

over-all technical authority on health in the Philippines

Department of Health

provide national policy direction and develop national plans, technical standards and guidelines on health

DOH

federal agency responsible for increasing access to community supports

Administration for Community Living

focuses attention and resources on the unique needs of older Americans and people with disabilities across the lifespan

Administration for Community Living

responsible for providing direction and leadership for all federal programs to ensure children and families are resilient and economically secure

Administration for Children and Families (ACF)

programs originating from ACF which serves nearly one million preschool children

Head Start

Nation’s lead federal agency for research on health care quality, costs, outcomes, and patient safety

Agency for Health Care Research and Quality

deal with the cleanup of hazardous substances in the environment

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

agency was created by the Superfund legislation

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

ATSDR’s mission

serve the public through responsive public health actions to promote healthy and safe environments and prevent harmful exposures

leading health agency, dedicated to saving lives and protecting the health of Americans

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

works to control communicable diseases, maintains records, analyzes disease trends, and publishes epidemiological reports

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CDC tagline

CDC 24/7

providing intra-agency support and resource-sharing for cross-cutting issues and specific health threats

Centers, Institutes, and Offices (CIOs

charged with protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

health regulatory agency under the Department of Health responsible for licensing, monitoring, and regulation of products

Food and Drug Administration

overseeing the Medicare program, the federal portion of the Medicaid program, and the related quality assurance activities.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

created in 1965 to ensure that the special groups covered by these programs would not be deprived of health care because of cost

Medicare and Medicaid

responsible for providing federal health services to American Indians and Alaska Natives ,provides a comprehensive health service delivery system

Indian Health Service (IHS)

seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce the burdens of illness and disability.

National Institutes of Health

seeks to ensure that federal research monies are spent on the best-conceived research projects

National Institutes of Health

National Institutes of Health in the Philippines was created on By

January 26, 1996 University of the Philippines Board of Regents

institutional home of a network of researchers and research institutions

National Institutes of Health in the Philippines

national health research center of the Philippines that is responsible for biomedical and public health research.

National Institutes of Health

responsible for ensuring that up-to-date information and state-of-the-art practice are effectively used for the prevention and treatment of addictive and mental disorders

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

SAMHSA’s mission

reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on American’s communities

Four centers within SAMHSA

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), and the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), and the Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ),

Purpose of state health departments

to promote, protect, and maintain the health and welfare of their citizens.

referred to as local health departments (LHDs), are usually the responsibility of the city or county governments

Local-level governmental health organizations

organizations that have some official health responsibilities but operate, in part, like voluntary health organizations

quasi-governmental health organizations

Examples of quasi-governmental agencies

American Red Cross (ARC), the National Science Foundation, and the National Academy of Sciences.

funded by private donations or, in some cases, by membership dues.

Non-governmental health agencies

Agencies that operate free from governmental interference

Non-governmental health agencies

Examples of quasi-governmental health organizations

American Red Cross (ARC), the National Science Foundation, and the National Academy of Sciences.

American Red Cross (ARC), founded in By

1881 by Clara Barton,

involved only in the provision of blood and short-term palliatives

Philippine Red Cross

PRC provides six major services

National Blood Services, Disaster Management Services, Safety Services, Health Services, Welfare Services and Red Cross Youth

fundamental principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service, unity and universality.

given the Philippine Red Cross autonomy and independence and tasked them with supporting the Philippine government in humanitarian tasks

Republic Act 10072

exempts the organization from certain tax obligations to the Philippine government

Philippine Red Cross Act of 2009

purpose of NSF

funding and promotion of scientific research and the development of individual scientists.

non-profit, non-governmental and whose mission is to combat a particular disease, disability, or group of diseases and disabilities,

Voluntary Health Agencies

made up of health professionals who have completed specialized education and training programs and have met the standards of registration, certification, and/or licensure

Professional health organizations and associations

These foundations support community health by funding programs and research on the prevention, control, and treatment of many diseases.

Philanthropic foundations

Members of these groups enjoy social interactions with people of similar interests in addition to fulfilling the groups’ primary reason for existence—service

Service, social, and religious organizations

“health” is derived from hal, which means

hale, sound, whole.

New Oxford Dictionary of English describes health as

state of being free from illness or injury

professional point of view, health is defined as

state of the physical bodily organs, and the ability of the body as a whole to function.

World Health Organization (WHO) in 1946, states that health is

physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Recent definition of health

dynamic state or condition of the human organism that is multidimensional

health status is determined by the interaction of what domains

Gestational endowments, social circumstances, environmental conditions, behavioral choices, and the availability of quality medical care

collective body of individuals identified by common characteristics

community

Communities are characterized by what elements

(1) membership (2) common symbol systems (3) shared values and norms; (4) mutual influence (5) shared need and commitment (6) shared emotional connection

“what we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy.”

Definition of public healty by The Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1988

activities undertaken within the formal structure of government

public health system

health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health.

Community health

the health outcomes of a group of individuals

population health

health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries

global health

Physical factors that affect the health of a community

geography, the environment, community size, and industrial development.

influenced by its altitude, latitude, and climate.

Geography

directly related to the quality of our stewardship of it.

Environment

the design, construction, management, and land use of human-made surroundings as an interrelated whole, as well as their relationship to human activities over time

built environment

the greater its range of health problems and the greater its number of health resources

Community Size

provides a community with added resources for community health programs

Industrial Development

arise from the interaction of individuals or groups within the community.

Social factors

arise from guidelines that individuals “inherit” from being a part of a particular society

Cultural factors

can affect the health of a community through reductions in health and social services

Economy

Those who happen to be in political office can improve or jeopardize the health of their community by the decisions they make.

Politics

defined by education, employment, or income, both individual- and community-level socioeconomic status have independent effects on health.

Socioeconomic Status

community groups are helped to identify common problems or change targets, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies for reaching their collective goals

Community organizing

the more individuals who become immunized against a specific communicable disease, the slower the disease will spread and the fewer people will be exposed.

herd immunity