Mod 3 Flashcards
study and management of environmental conditions that affect our health and well-being
Environmental health
identify and evaluate environmental hazards and their sources.
Environmental health specialists
Human populations are growing and expanding into new geographic areas
More people live in close contact with wild and domestic animals. Close contact provides more opportunities for diseases to pass between animals and people.
The earth has experienced changes in climate and land use, such as deforestation and intensive farming practices.
Disruptions in environmental conditions and habitats provide new opportunities for diseases to pass to animals.
International travel and trade have increased.
Diseases can spread quickly across the globe.
potential threat to humans and welfare.
hazard
likelihood or probability of a hazard occurring or creating loss
Risk
social phenomena that occur when a community suffers exceptional levels of disruption and loss due to natural processes or technological accidents
Disasters
potential threats facing human society by events that
originate in, and are transmitted through, the environment.
Environmental hazards
naturally occurring phenomena or events that produce/release energy in amounts that exceed human endurance, causing injury, disease, or death.
Natural hazards
Natural hazards
Geologic
Atmospheric
Hydrologic
Biologic
Hazards made or modified by humans and used for their activities
anthrosphere
housing, commerce, education, manufacturing and other activities
Dwellings
Roads, railroads, airports and waterways
Transportation
telephone lines or radio transmitters
Communication
automobiles, airplanes, farm machinery
Machinery
mines and oil wells
Industry
major accidents that involve the anthrosphere.
Technological hazards
Car crashes, plane crashes, ship wrecks
Technological hazards
Structural collapse, fires, failure in utility systems
Infrastructure failure
Hazardous material accidents, chemical spills, factory explosions
Industrial hazards
environmental hazards that bring about global environmental change.
Context hazards
Climate change, sea level rise
International air pollution
loss of natural resources
Environmental degradation
Intensive urbanization, concentration of basic facilities
Land pressure
Catastrophic earth changes, impact from near-earth objects
Super hazards
Technological hazards
Transport accidents
Infrastructure failure
Industrial hazards
Context hazards
International air pollution
Environmental degradation
Land pressure
Super hazards
introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.
Pollution
garbage, refuse, sludge, and other discarded solid materials
Solid waste
comprises the waste generated by households, businesses, and institutions (e.g., schools) located within municipalities.
municipal solid waste (MSW)
solid waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harm-
ful to human health or the environment
Hazardous waste
include infectious and pathological wastes from hospitals, including sharps such as lancets and needles in syringes
Hazardous wastes
contamination of the air by substances
Air pollution
represents the single most dangerous air pollutant
Ozone (O3)
When nitrogen is released during fuel combustion it combines with oxygen atoms to create nitric oxide (NO).
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx).
gas is found in fumes produced in burning fuel
Carbon monoxide
mixture of solids or liquid droplets in the air that are categorized by size
Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
is a naturally occurring mineral fiber that was previously used for insulation and fireproofing material.
Asbestos
another indoor air pollutant, which can be associated with allergic reactions and respiratory difficulties, such as asthma.
Mold
also known as secondhand smoke
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
the smoke inhaled and exhaled by the smoker
main- stream smoke
the smoke that comes off the end of a burning tobacco product
sidestream tobacco smoke
The involuntary inhalation of ETS by nonsmokers is referred to as
passive smoking
dense, colorless, odorless noble gas that occurs naturally in the soil as the product
of the radioactive decay of radium
Radon
any physical or chemical change in water that can harm living organisms or make it unfit for other uses, such as drinking, domestic use, recreation, fishing, industry, agriculture, or transportation.
Water pollution
single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the water, such as a pipe, ditch, or culvert.
Point source pollution
Includes all pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, or falling of pollutants into the water.
Nonpoint source pollution
WATER POLLUTANTS
Biological Pollutants
Non-biological Pollutants
process in which energy is emitted as particles or waves
Radiation
noise emitted from all sources except noise at the industrial workplace.
Community noise
means low danger from the sun’s UV rays for the average person.
0 to 2
moderate risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure.
Stay in shade near
midday when the sun is strongest.
3 to 5
means high risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. Protection against skin and eye damage is needed.
6 to 7
very high risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. Take extra precautions because unprotected skin and eyes will be damaged and can burn quickly.
8 to 10
means extreme risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. Take all precautions because unprotected skin and eyes can burn in minutes.
11+
