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Developmental Psych > Mod 4 Early Childhood > Flashcards

Mod 4 Early Childhood Flashcards

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1
Q

Average height growth yearly in early childhood

A

2-3”

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2
Q

Average yearly weight gain in early childhood

A

5-10 pounds

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3
Q

Approx number of epiphyses that harden to bone in this phase

A

45

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4
Q

Which sex lose baby teeth earlier?

A

Girls

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5
Q

Does height get influenced by ethnicity and diet?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Percent of right handed people

A

90%

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7
Q

What part of the brain produces growth hormone?

A

Pituitary

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8
Q

Which side of the brain is especially active between 3-6 years?

A

Left

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9
Q

What does left hemisphere of brain control

A

Language and handedness

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10
Q

When does brain’s right hemisphere mostly develop?

A

8-10 years

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11
Q

What does the right hemisphere correspond with?

A

Spatial relation abilities

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12
Q

By what age does the brain reach 95% of adult volume?

A

6 years

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13
Q

What does the amygdala control?

A

Emotion, novelty

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14
Q

What does the hippocampus control?

A

Memory

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15
Q

When does mylenation of corpus callosum peak?

A

3-6 years

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16
Q

At what stage are children the most physically active than they will ever be at any other time?

A

Preschooler

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17
Q

At what age do we see simple gross motor skills (hop, jump)

A

3 years

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18
Q

When do simple athletic abilities appear

A

4 years

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19
Q

When does adventurous activity start

A

5 years

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20
Q

What are fine motor skills at 3 years?

A

Clumsy

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21
Q

What are fine motor skills at 4 years?

A

Improved

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22
Q

What are fine motor skills at 5 years?

A

Coordinated

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23
Q

What has great impact on gross and fine motor development?

A

Play and practice

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24
Q

How much sleep do kids need in early childhood

A

10-13 hours/night

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25
Q

What happens to appetite during early childhood

A

Dwindles

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26
Q

How many preschoolers in US are malnourished

A

11 million

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27
Q

What is a common deficiency in malnourishment

A

Iron

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28
Q

Does more than 2 hours of screen time increase likelihood of obesity

A

Yes

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29
Q

How often should kids exercise at preschool age?

A

Daily

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30
Q

What is the leading cause of death in early childhood?

A

Accidents

31
Q

What is Piaget’s 2nd development stage?

A

Pre operational

32
Q

What age is the Pre operational stage?

A

2-7 years

33
Q

When in preoperational stage, what is a common question, especially between 4-7 years?

A

Why??

34
Q

Can only see world from their POV. Can’t take perspective of another person.

A

Egocentrism

35
Q

When is egocentrism most prevalent

A

2-4 years

36
Q

Awareness that altering an objects appearance does not change is basic properties. Two glasses of water experiment.

A

Conservation

37
Q

Centering attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others

A

Centration

38
Q

The zone between what a child can do on their own and what they can learn to do with guidance

A

ZPD (zone of proximal development)

39
Q

Who came up with the concept of ZPD?

A

Vygotsky

40
Q

Internal talk used for self regulation

A

Private speech

41
Q

T/F: mothers, who engage in more sensitive parenting have children who engage in private speech

A

True

42
Q

His theories of child development, focus on social, cultural, language, education.

A

Vygotsky

43
Q

His theories of child development focus more on stages and cognitive aspects

A

Piaget

44
Q

Name two shortcomings of Piaget’s theory

A

1) cognitive development is more gradual
2) preschoolers, cognitive abilities are more sophisticated

45
Q

Three shortcomings of the Vygotsky’s theory

A

1) didn’t look at age related change
2) over emphasis on language
3) little look at basic skills like memory

46
Q

6 vocabulary principles

A

Child learns
1) words they hear often
2) words of things that interest them
3) words in active context
4) words in contexts that are meaningful
5) words best when given clear info about the word’s meaning
6) words best when grammar and vocabulary considered

47
Q

Information retained up to 30 seconds with no rehearsal

A

Short term memory

48
Q

Storing large amounts of information for a long time

A

Long term memory

49
Q

Aspect of long-term memory related to significant events in the child’s life

A

Autobiographical memory

50
Q

Ability to focus on select information

A

Attention

51
Q

Focus and extended engagement

A

Sustained attention

52
Q

The awareness of one’s own mental processes in the mental processes of others

A

Theory of mind

53
Q

At what age do children begin to understand false beliefs?

A

3-5 years

54
Q

From 18 months to 3 years, children begin to understand these 3 mental states

A

1) perceptions
2) emotions
3) desires

55
Q

What part of the brain is connected to executive function

A

Prefrontal cortex

56
Q

From 18 months to 3 years, what theory of mind is a child capable of?

A

Perception
Emotions
Desires

57
Q

At what age will a child get the “sally and Ann toy” scenario correct?

A

4 years old

58
Q

Before what age is the ambiguous line drawing only seen to have only 1 answer?

A

7 years

59
Q

Can infer the meaning of a new word based on clues

A

Fast mapping

60
Q

What is the third stage of social emotional development according to Erikson?

A

Initiative versus guilt

61
Q

A sense of purpose, eagerness, conscience, and ability to try out new skills

A

Initiative

62
Q

Overly strict super ego

A

Guilt

63
Q

What did Freud believe formed morals?

A

Anxiety and Guilt

64
Q

Morality that focuses on justice and rules being unchangeable; out of anyone’s control (immanent justice)

A

Heteronomous

65
Q

Morality that considers intent. Example self-defense.

A

Autonomous

66
Q

Restrictive, punishing style of parenting

A

Authoritarian

67
Q

Style of parenting that encourages children to be independent, but still places limits

A

Authoritative

68
Q

Parenting where parents are highly involved with their children, but place few demands or controls

A

Indulgent

69
Q

Parenting style where the parent is uninvolved in the child’s life

A

Neglectful

70
Q

Support that each parent gives to the other when raising a child

A

Coparenting

71
Q

List the four types of abuse

A

Physical, neglect, sexual, emotional

72
Q

Percentage of children in the US that have siblings

A

80%

73
Q

Three important aspects of sibling relationships

A

Emotional
Intimacy
Variation

Developmental Psych (10 decks)

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