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Developmental Psych > Mod 1 > Flashcards

Mod 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pattern of movement or change from conception through lifespan?

A

Development

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2
Q

Gradual vs specific points of change in development

A

Continuous vs discontinuous

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3
Q

What is another term for heredity vs environment?

A

Nature vs nurture

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4
Q

Early traits persist through life vs change being possible

A

Stability vs change

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5
Q

Life-long, multidimensional, plastic and contextual process that involves growth, maintenance and regulation of loss.

A

Life span prospective

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6
Q

No single age period dominates development nor does developing end

A

Lifelong

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7
Q

Multiple interacting influences is called

A

Contextual

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8
Q

Stages of life, like puberty or menopause, is what type of contextual development

A

Normative age-graded

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9
Q

Generational or economic influence is what type of contextual development

A

Normative history-graded

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10
Q

Life events that happen to an individual (lottery win, death of a parent) denote what type of contextual development

A

Non-normative

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11
Q

What are the stages of development and age

A

1) prenatal
2) infancy
3) early childhood
4) middle to late childhood
5) adolescence
6) emerging adulthood
7) early adulthood
8) middle adulthood
9) late adulthood

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12
Q

What is the newest category added to the stages of age and development?

A

Emerging adulthood

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13
Q

What are the 3 patterns of aging?

A

1) normal
2) pathological
3) successful

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14
Q

What are the 4 conceptions of age?

A

1) chronological
2) biological
3) psychological
4) social

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15
Q

What is social age?

A

Level of connectedness with others

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16
Q

Development that looks at changes of a physical nature (genes, height, hormones)

A

Biological

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17
Q

Development that looks at changes of intellect, thought, language

A

Cognitive

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18
Q

Development that looks at changes in relationships with other people; emotions, personality

A

Socio-emotional

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19
Q

What does multidirectional development mean?

A

Some capacities expand while others shrink

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20
Q

Development that encompasses not just psychological but medical, social, culture, etc.

A

Multidimensional

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21
Q

The ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development

A

Resilience

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22
Q

Name 4 components of resilience

A

1) personal characteristics
2) parental relationships
3) social support
4) community resources/opportunities

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23
Q

What is Darwin’s theory of evolution?

A

Natural selection and survival of the fittest

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24
Q

Who are the 2 main contributors to psychoanalytics?

A

Freud
Erikson

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25
Q

What does Freud overemphasize

A

Sexual instinct

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26
Q

What are 5 stages in Freud’s development?

A

1) oral
2) anal
3) phallic
4) latency
5) genital

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27
Q

Freudian stage where focus of baby’s pleasure center is the mouth

A

Oral

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28
Q

What might be a sign that someone is locked in the oral stage due to under or over-gratification

A

Thumb sucking, nail biting, over-eating

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29
Q

Freud phase where child is learning to control bodily functions

A

Anal

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30
Q

If too strict during anal phase, what is a possible outcome for the child?

A

Over-orderly

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31
Q

Phase where child has sexual desire for opposite sex parent

A

Phallic

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32
Q

What is formed during phallic stage when child feels guilt for violating standards by desiring opposite sex parent?

A

Super-ego

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33
Q

What is Freud stage where sexual needs are repressed in exchange for development of social and intellectual skills?

A

Latency

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34
Q

Freud stage that sees the awakening of sexual desire

A

Genital

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35
Q

How many stages does Erikson theorize

A

8

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36
Q

Erikson 1st stage from birth to 1 year that sets lifelong expectations of the world

A

Trust vs mistrust

37
Q

Erikson 2nd stage from 1-3 where child starts to push limits and become self-sufficient or not

A

Autonomy vs shame/doubt

38
Q

Erikson 3rd stage at 3-6 where child develops a sense of purpose

A

Initiative vs guilt

39
Q

Erikson 4th stage from 6-11 where child learns to become competent in relation to peers

A

Industry vs inferiority

40
Q

Erikson 5th stage in adolescence where child is trying to figure out “who am I?”

A

Identity vs role confusion

41
Q

Erikson 6th stage where young adults should be forming deeper relationships

A

Intimacy vs isolation

42
Q

Erikson 7th stage where adults are contributing to the world or not

A

Generative vs stagnation

43
Q

Erikson 8th adult stage focused on reflection about life

A

Integrity vs despair

44
Q

Studied directly observable events (Behaviorism)

A

Watson and Skinner

45
Q

Theory by Bandura that people learn through modeling/imitation

A

Social Learning

46
Q

Piaget’s theory that children must explore and manipulate the world

A

Cognitive Development

47
Q

Piaget’s 1st stage where ages 0-2 “think” with senses

A

Sensorimotor

48
Q

Piaget’s 2nd phase from 2-7 where symbols represent discoveries but no logic yet

A

Pre operational

49
Q

Piaget’s 3rd phase from 7-11 where child has logical, organized ways of thinking

A

Concrete operational

50
Q

Piaget’s 4th phase from 11+ where deductive reasoning is present

A

Formal operational

51
Q

Theory that studies how info flows in and out

A

Information Processing

52
Q

Two areas of Developmental Neuroscience

A

Social
Cognitive

53
Q

Study of adaptive and evolutionary history of behavior and attachment

A

Ethology

54
Q

What theory did Bowlby and Lorenz study

A

Ethology

55
Q

Vygotsky’s theory focused on culture and social interaction

A

Social cultural

56
Q

Brofenbrenner’s theory that multiple layers of environment effect development

A

Ecological

57
Q

Layer of ecological system where child has the most direct and active interaction

A

Microsystem

58
Q

Layer of ecological system where what happens at home influences how a child relates to the outside world

A

Mesosystem

59
Q

Layer of ecological system where there is a link between social settings but the individual doesn’t have an active role

A

Exosystem

60
Q

Example of Exosystem

A

Husband has bad day. Comes home grumpy. Wife’s experience at home is affected.

61
Q

Layer of ecological system where laws, culture and customs affect the individual

A

Macro system

62
Q

Layer of ecological system that causes the person to change over time

A

Chronosystem

63
Q

Type of research that observes and records behaviors

A

Descriptive

64
Q

Type of research that studies the strength of relationship between two or more events or characteristics

A

Correlation

65
Q

Type of research that studies cause

A

Experimental

66
Q

Inverse relationship is what type of correlation

A

Negative

67
Q

Strong relationship is what type of correlation

A

Higher

68
Q

Correlation coefficient is 0

A

No correlation

69
Q

True or false: correlation = causation

A

False

70
Q

In experimental research, these represent “cause”

A

Independent variables

71
Q

In experimental research, the resulting effect is called

A

Dependent variable

72
Q

Name for a comparison group

A

Control

73
Q

Method of data collection where observations are made in a controlled setting

A

Systematic

74
Q

Method of data collection where observations are in real-world settings

A

Naturalistic

75
Q

Method of data collection subjects answer surveys, interviews

A

Self-reports

76
Q

Method of data collection where an in-depth observation of 1 person is done.

A

Case study

77
Q

Method of data collection where observations are made via testing

A

Standardized tests

78
Q

Method of data collection where observations are made via EEG, HR, hormones, etc.

A

Physiological testing

79
Q

Way to study development that follows same subjects over time

A

Longitudinal

80
Q

Way to study development by comparison of one group to another (smoker vs non-smoker for lung cancer)

A

Prospective Cohort

81
Q

Way to study development that takes different groups and compares at same time

A

Cross Sectional

82
Q

Part of ethical research that tells participants what is involved in the study, risks and their right to withdrawal at any time.

A

Informed consent

83
Q

Part of ethical research that protects identity of subjects

A

Confidentiality

84
Q

Part of ethical research at the end of the study that informs the subjects about the purpose and methods used

A

Debriefing

85
Q

Part of ethical research that doesn’t tell the study participants what the study is about but also cannot do harm.

A

Deception

86
Q

Drawing a conclusion about all sexes but only studying one sex

A

Gender bias

87
Q

Idea of over-generalizing a group based on race, religion, etc. in a superficial way

A

Ethnic gloss

88
Q

Inadequate inclusion of all races, religions, etc in a study

A

Cultural bias

Developmental Psych (10 decks)

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