Mod 3 Infant Toddler Flashcards
Head to tail development
Cephalocaudal
Head to body size in utero
1/3-1/2
Head to body size at birth
1/4
Head to body by 25
1/8
Motor development follows what pattern?
Top down
Growth pattern that starts at center of body and expands outward
Proximal Distal
How much does height change from birth to 1 year
Doubles
Weight doubles from newborn to what age?
4 months
Weight tripled from birth to what age?
1 year
When does neural tube develop
18-24 days after conception
Most neural connections are made by what point after conception
23 weeks
Dying off of neurons not being used
Pruning
Process that kills off cells to make room for other structures
Programmed cell death
Milestone when majority of audio, visual and language synapses increase
First 2 years
What part of brain takes longer to develop
Prefrontal cortex
When does mylenation increase and slow.
Increase in adolescence and slows in adulthood
What connects the lobes of the brain
Corpus callosum
Part of brain, responsible for movement, personality, intention
Frontal
Part of brain responsible for vision
Occipital
Part of brain, responsible for language, hearing, some memory
Temporal
Part of brain responsible for spacial location
Parietal
Side of brain, responsible for emotion, attention, special abilities, details
Right
Side of brain, responsible for language, positive emotion, big picture view
Left
How many hours a day do infants typically sleep?
14-17
What is the calorie requirement per pound of body weight for an infant?
50 cal/pound
Doing what could lower risk for breast cancer, ovarian cancer type two diabetes in cardiac problems in the mother
Breast feeding
What is the leading cause of infant deaths in the US?
SIDS
What can cause swelling of the brain and is often caused by fathers, childcare providers or boyfriends
Shaken baby syndrome
T/F: Higher birth weight, breast feeding can accelerate milestones
True
Cells move from their point of origin to their target location where they mature and develop
Neural migration
What is the opposite of pruning and programmed cell death?
Blooming/increased connectivity
What part of the brain regulates, vital processes, like breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
Brain stem
T/F: if a neurological or physical problem is resolved before sensitive period ends, function is likely to be regained
True
Though it is thought that breastfeeding improves mother-infant attachment, is this supported by research?
No
Is there psychological differences between breastfed and bottle fed babies?
No
Low birth weight, exposure to cigarette smoke, soft bedding and co-sleeping can contribute to what?
SIDS
At what age do babies roll over
2 - 4 1/2 months
At what age do babies stand with support
5-10 months
At what age do babies stand alone
10-14 months
What is a grip with full hand that happens first with babies
Palmer grasp
When does pincer grip develop?
Toward end of first year
Reaching and grasping are refined and developed when?
First two years
What helps babies develop pincer grasp
Intro to food and feeding themselves
What is a baby’s vision at birth?
20/240
What is baby’s vision by 6 months
20/40
At what age do infants show more interest in human faces rather than objects, especially their mothers face?
Closely after birth
By what age do infants match voices to faces?
3 months
What is it called when a baby thinks everything on the road is a car
Assimilation
What is it called when a child can adjust their scheme to take new information into account. Example distinguish between trucks, bikes, motorcycles.
Accommodation
When does object permanence develop
6 months to a year
What is an example of classical conditioning?
Pavlov’s dog
Stimulus that might increase the occurrence of a response is called
A reinforcer
A punishment for an action is an example of what?
Operant conditioning
The ability to track another persons behavior, such as following their gaze
Joint attention
When does joint attention start to develop?
10-11 months
Joint attention plays an important role in language, and can be a predictor of what
Language development
Problems with joint attention have been linked to what
Autism
What is an example of explicit memory?
Had chocolate cake for first birthday
What is an example of implicit memory?
Ability to walk, ride a bike, etc.
At what age do babies use two word utterances
18-24 months
When can babies understand 1st word
5 months
At what age is first word usually spoken
13 months
What are linked to a reduction in negative behaviors
Sensitivity and responsiveness
The variations in speed in intensity with which we respond to situations
Reactivity
Individuals, ability to control his or her emotions
Self-regulation
