Mod 1 Farm (Words + Abbreviations) Flashcards
What is pharmacokinetics?
How the drug concentrations change over time as they are moved through the body
What are the 4 principles to pharmacokinetics?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
What does po stand for
Oral administration
What does sl stand for?
Sublingual absorption
What does pr stand for?
rectal administration
What is the difference between enteral and parenteral routes of absorption?
enteral is through GI tract
parenteral is outside GI tract
What is the abbreviation IM?
Intramuscular
What is the abbreviation IV?
Intravenous
What is the abbreviation IC?
Intracoronary
What is the abbreviation sc or sq?
subcutaneous
What type of molecules pass trough the cell membrane easily through passive diffusion
lipid soluble
Which types of molecules can only cross through aqueous channels with passive diffusion
H20 molecules
If a molecule cannot pass through lipid membrane or aqueous channels what does it need to pass?
A carrier protein or active transport
A molecule needs to be ____ soluble to pass through GI tract
H20
Why might a drug have an enteric coating? Where are enteric coatings are dissolved?
To avoid side effects in the stomach
small intestine
What type of drug is slowly absorbed
Sustained Release
What is bioavailability?
percent of drug that gets into systemic circulation
Drugs given through ___ will have a 1st pass. What is 1st pass?
GI
a % of the drug that is eliminated through gut or liver before it reaches systemic circulation
What kind of drug administration will have no 1st pass
IV
Where are drugs primarily stored and can serve as a reservoir?
Adipose tissue
What is the storage site for toxic agents like heavy metal and lead
bone
What organs may drugs be stored in?
liver and kidney
What organ does most of drug metabolism
the liver
Where are most drugs excreted from
kidneys
What is steady state
What is the difference between agonist and antagonist?
The agonist stimulate a receptor and enhances a physiological effect (has affinity and efficacy)
The antagonist inhibits a receptor and decreases physiological effect (has affinity, NO efficacy)
What is potency? What does it mean if a drug has a higher potency?
Potency is the amount of drug required to achieve an effect
If a drug is more potent, it can be given in a smaller dose to have same effect
ā
before
ac
before meals
bid
twice a day
cap
capsule
dil
dissolve/dilute
disp
dispense
g
gram
h
hour
hs
at bedtime
IA
intra-arterial
IVBP
IV piggyback
kg
kilogram
mEq, meq
milliequivalent
mg
milligram
OD
OS/OL
right eye
left eye
OTC
over the counter
OU
both eyes
p
after
pc
after meals
PO
by mouth
prn
when needed
q
every
qam, om
every morning
ad
every day (daily)
qh, qh1
every hour
q2h, q3h, etc
every 2 hour, every 3 hours, etc
qhs
every night at bedtime
qs
sufficient quantity
rept
may be repeated
Rx
Take
Sig, S
label
Sos
if needed
stat
at once
sup, supp
suppository
susp
suspension
tab
tablet
tid
3x a day
Tbsp, T
tsp
Tablespoon (15ml)
teaspoon (5ml)
U
units
deviating from the usual course (abnormal, atypical)
aberrant
afebrile vs febrile
afebrile is not having a fever
febrile is feverish
aggregation
clumping together
a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall, usually where it branches
aneurysm
automaticity
the capacity of a cell to generate an action potential spontaneously without an external stimulus
c/o and CC
complains of
chief complaint
influencing the rate especially of the heartbeat
chronotrope
ectopic
occurring in an abnormal position
(think ectopic pregnancy)
embolus vs thrombosis
E: moves through blood an gets caught in vessel and blocks
T: blood clot that forms in the spot that it obstructs
HPI
history of present illness
induced unintentionally by a physician or surgeon or by medical treatment or diagnostic procedures (think cutting a nerve accidentally in surgery)
iatrogenic
intrathecal
given between thin layers that cover brain and spinal cord
easily reactive to stimuli
irritable (think IBS)
lack of blood supply to part of body
ischemic
death of cell tissue
necrotic
rapid deterioration in the kidney function due to toxic effect of medications and chemicals
nephrotoxic
exposure to substances that can alter normal activity of CNS
neurotoxic
can damage the ear, resulting in hearing loss, ringing in the ear, or balance disorders
Ototoxic
perfusion
bathing an organ or tissue with fluid
medical care of patients from the time of contemplation of surgery through the operative period to full recovery
perioperative
after a meal
postprandial
pyrexia
When your body temperature goes above 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit
application to or action on the surface of a part of the body
Topical
relating to, being, or supplying a medication in a form for absorption through the skin into the bloodstream
Transdermal
