Mod 1 Farm (Words + Abbreviations) Flashcards
What is pharmacokinetics?
How the drug concentrations change over time as they are moved through the body
What are the 4 principles to pharmacokinetics?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
What does po stand for
Oral administration
What does sl stand for?
Sublingual absorption
What does pr stand for?
rectal administration
What is the difference between enteral and parenteral routes of absorption?
enteral is through GI tract
parenteral is outside GI tract
What is the abbreviation IM?
Intramuscular
What is the abbreviation IV?
Intravenous
What is the abbreviation IC?
Intracoronary
What is the abbreviation sc or sq?
subcutaneous
What type of molecules pass trough the cell membrane easily through passive diffusion
lipid soluble
Which types of molecules can only cross through aqueous channels with passive diffusion
H20 molecules
If a molecule cannot pass through lipid membrane or aqueous channels what does it need to pass?
A carrier protein or active transport
A molecule needs to be ____ soluble to pass through GI tract
H20
Why might a drug have an enteric coating? Where are enteric coatings are dissolved?
To avoid side effects in the stomach
small intestine
What type of drug is slowly absorbed
Sustained Release
What is bioavailability?
percent of drug that gets into systemic circulation
Drugs given through ___ will have a 1st pass. What is 1st pass?
GI
a % of the drug that is eliminated through gut or liver before it reaches systemic circulation
What kind of drug administration will have no 1st pass
IV
Where are drugs primarily stored and can serve as a reservoir?
Adipose tissue
What is the storage site for toxic agents like heavy metal and lead
bone
What organs may drugs be stored in?
liver and kidney
What organ does most of drug metabolism
the liver
Where are most drugs excreted from
kidneys
What is steady state
What is the difference between agonist and antagonist?
The agonist stimulate a receptor and enhances a physiological effect (has affinity and efficacy)
The antagonist inhibits a receptor and decreases physiological effect (has affinity, NO efficacy)
What is potency? What does it mean if a drug has a higher potency?
Potency is the amount of drug required to achieve an effect
If a drug is more potent, it can be given in a smaller dose to have same effect
ā
before
ac
before meals
bid
twice a day
cap
capsule
dil
dissolve/dilute
disp
dispense
g
gram
h
hour
hs
at bedtime