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Mod 1 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Type of DM that is autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta islet cells

A

Type 1 DM

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2
Q

Type of DM that is lack of insulin production

A

Type 1 DM

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3
Q

Type of DM that is due to cellular resistance to insulin with insufficient insulin secretion

A

Type 2 DM

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4
Q

Type of DM that is abnormal islet cell function

A

Type 2 DM

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5
Q

Any degree of glucose in tolerance during pregnancy

A

Gestational diabetes

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6
Q

What is one long term effect of having gestational diabetes

A

60% will develop type 2 DM within 5-10 years

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7
Q

People can get DM secondary to disease in the _____

A

pancreas

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8
Q

fasting blood glucose is showing what

A

your glucose in that one moment of time

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9
Q

Diagnosing DM: fasting blood glucose ____

A

> 126mg/dL

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10
Q

Diagnosing DM: HbA1c ___

A

Greater than or equal to 6.5

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11
Q

What is HbA1c mesuring

A

blood glucose over a period of time
tells us about organ function

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12
Q

If you wanted to know how someone is managing their DM what test shows us that

A

HbA1c

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13
Q

Oral glucose test: how is it done and what is the diagnostic value

A

come in fasting, drink sugar, wait 2 hours
> or equal to 200

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14
Q

What symptoms and random blood glucose is indicative of DM

A

polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, blurred vision
random BG of >200

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15
Q

What is optimal BG preprandial and when fasting

A

70-90mg/dL

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16
Q

What is the typical age of onset for type 1 and 2

A

1: < 35yrs
2: >40yrs

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17
Q

in type 1 DM they have ___ or ___ blood insulin

A

decreased or absent

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18
Q

in type 2 DM they have ___ or ___ blood glucose

A

normal or increased

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19
Q

Who has insulin resistance, T1DM or T2DM?

A

type 2 DM

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20
Q

Who is positive for ketosis, type 1 or 2

A

type 1 DM

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21
Q

What is the treatment for type 1 DM

A

insulin, diet, exercise

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22
Q

what is the treatment for type 2 DM

A

weight loss
oral hypoglycemics or insulin
diet
exercise

23
Q

What is the presenting symptom for type 1?

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

24
Q

If someone is presenting with healing issues, what might this look like and what type do they most likely have?

A

recurrent yeast infections
chronic skin infections
DM2

25
Q

Someone with ketoacidosis will present with
__glycemia
P__
P__
Breath__
__skin and mough
__ respirations

A

hyperglycemia
polyuria
polydipsia
fruity smelling breath
dry skin and mouth
kussmauls (rapid and deep)

26
Q

Goals of therapy:
HbA1c __
fasting glucose __
postprandial __

A

< 7
< 130 mg/dl
< 180 mg/dL

27
Q

We want to keep BP __

A

< 140/90

28
Q

Lipids values:
LDL__
total cholesterol __
HDL __

A

< 100
< 150
> 40

29
Q

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy s/s:
cardiovascular:

A

resting tachycardia, exercise intolerance, orthostatic hypotension, silent MI

30
Q

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy s/s:
GI:
GU:

A

GI: esophageal dysmotility, gastopareisis, constipation, diarrhea
GU: neruogenic bladder, erectile dysfunction, female sex dysfunction

31
Q

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy s/s:
Metabolic:

A

hypoglycemia unawareness, abnormal response to hypoglycemia

32
Q

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy s/s:
Pseudomotor:

A

anhidrosis. heat intolerance, dry skin, gustatory sweating

33
Q

What are the goals of therapy for someone with diabetes

A

alleviate symptoms, achieve BG BP and lipid targets, prevent complications

34
Q

What value of HbA1c yields a significant decreased risk of MI and CVA, and renal/eye problems

A

decrease by 1

35
Q

is it worse off to be hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic? what are the effects of being hypo

A

hypo: risk fractures, MI, CVA, death

36
Q

what are s/s of hypoglycemia

A

tremor
nervous/anxiety
tachycardia
sweating
irritable
dizzy
tingly lips
nauseous/vomit

37
Q

what are s/s of hyperglycemia

A

frequent urination
dry mouth/inc thirst
increase hunger
headache
blurred vision
flu-like achyness
face-flushing
kussmaulis breathing
fruity smelling breath

38
Q

how do you treat mild hypoglycemia

A

15g carbs

39
Q

if BG is 70 or less what do you do

A

give 15g of cards and retest in 15min

39
Q

if BG is 70 or less what do you do

A

give 15g of cards and retest in 15min

40
Q

if BG is still less that 70 after given them 15g of carbs what do you do

A

eat another 15g of carbs and contact MD

41
Q

in poorly controlled DM, pts with hyperglycemia who exercise might __ BG (what type can this happen to?)

A

increase BG
type 1

42
Q

what are some impacts of exercise in someone with DM

A

inc blood flow –> inc glucose and insulin delivery
stimulates glucose transport via muscle contraction
enhances whole body sensitivity to insulin
dec BG levels

43
Q

if BG is between 70-100:

A

give snack and then 15g of carbs for every hour of mod intensity exercsie

44
Q

if BG is >300 and pt is on oral hypoglycemics:

A

10-15min exercise and check BG
if rises –> stop
if drops –> continue and recheck every 15min

45
Q

if BG is >300 and pt is on insulin:

A

check ketones in urine
if (+ )don’t exercise
if (-) exercise with close monitoring of BG

46
Q

how long should you check BG after exercise

A

6-12hrs

47
Q

what is a common insulin injection site? why is this relevant to us?

A

abdomen
don’t inject over area you are exercising (ex: dont inject in thigh if you are running or in abs if you are crunching)

48
Q

FITT for diabetics

A

f: 3-5x/week
i: low to mod (40-70%) VO2max
t: 150 min/week
type: both aerobic and resistance

49
Q

what exercises to avoid for non-proliferative retinopathy

A

ones that elevate BP, valsalva, powerlifting, jarring ones

50
Q

what exercises to avoid for proliferative retinopathy

A

strenuous, pounding/jarring, ones that elevate BP, weight lifting, jogging, high-impact aerobics, racquet sports, palyin wing/brass instruments

51
Q

what 3 kinds of insulin on diabetics usually on

A

basal (taken 1-2x daily)
pre-meal insulin (to cover calorie intake of meals)
correction factor (combines with pre-meal to adjust based on fingerstick)

52
Q

what are the 4 kinds of inslin

A

ultra-short acting (5min before meal)
intermediate acting
regular
long acting

Mod 1 (7 decks)

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