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Mod 1 > Mod 1 Anatomy > Flashcards

Mod 1 Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The right side (base) of the heart is located __
the left side (apex) of the heart is located ___

A

2nd intercostal space
5th intercostal space around mid clavicular line

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2
Q

What bony structure is covering the heart? what is the cavity the heart sits in?

A

ribs, sternum, vertebral column
mediastinum

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3
Q

Where does the outer/fibrous pericardium attach to

A

the sternum and diaphragm

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4
Q

the sensory portion of the ___ nerve innervates the pericardial tissue. The motor portion innervates the ___

A

phrenic nerve
diaphragm

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5
Q

What is the inner layer of the pericardium and what is it filled with

A

pariteal fluid layer, serus fluid

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6
Q

What is the inner most layer of the pericardium and the outermost layer right before the heart

A

epicardium

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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart muscle (outer to inner)

A

myocardium
endocardium
subendocardium

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8
Q

The heart muscle layer that folds over itself to form the valve tissue

A

subendocardium

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9
Q

What receives deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cava and coronary veins

A

Right Atrium

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10
Q

extra muscular pouch that help atrium contract and collects more blood

A

the auricles

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11
Q

recieves de-oxygenated blood from RA and connects to pulmonary trunk

A

Right Ventricle

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12
Q

receives oxygenated blood from L atrium

A

Left Ventricle

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13
Q
A

Right Atrium

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14
Q
A

Right Auricle

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15
Q
A

Right Ventricle

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16
Q
A

Left Ventricle

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17
Q
A

superior vena cava

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18
Q
A

Aorta

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19
Q
A

pulmonary trunk

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20
Q
A

Left Atria

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21
Q
A

Left Auricle

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22
Q
A

Left Ventricle

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23
Q
A

Pulmonary artery

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24
Q
A

Pulmonary veins

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25
Q

The brachiocephalic splits into what 2 arteries

A

Carotid and Subclavian

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26
Q

The aorta splits into ___

A

the brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian

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27
Q

What valve going between the R atria and R ventricle

A

tricuspid (R AV valve)

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28
Q

what valve goes between the L atria and L ventricle

A

bicuspid (L AV valve)

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29
Q

That valve is between the R ventricle and the pulmonary arteries

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

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30
Q

What valve is between L ventricle and aorta

A

Aortic semilunar valve

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31
Q

What attaches the cusps to the myocardium? What helps contract to pull valvue closed?

A

the chordae tendineae
papillary muscle

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32
Q

What valves are closing during S1? What letters on the ECG?

A

Mitral valves (bicuspid and Tricuspid)
QRS

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33
Q

What valves are closing on S2?

A

Aortic and pulmonary valves

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34
Q

Where is the SA and AV node located?

A

SA: superior vena cava and R atrium juncture
AV: inferior portion of R atria

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35
Q

What is Bachman’s bundle? Why does this happen?

A

electrical impulse going from R atrium to L atrium
So the atria contract at the same time

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36
Q

why does the electrical impulse have to slow down after the AV node?

A

So the ventricles can contract after the atria

37
Q

The electrical impulse travels from the AV bundle to the ___ then it goes to the ___

A

Bundle of his, splits to go into R and L ventricles

38
Q

Who has control of the myocardial contraction?

A

Autonomic nervous system
Vagus nerve

39
Q

The P with is associated with the

A

activation of the atria

40
Q

the QRS complex is associated with the

A

activation of the ventricles

41
Q

the T was is associated with the

A

repolarization of the ventricles

42
Q

Where is the action potential being generated

A

the SA node

43
Q

the impulse from the SA node is triggering activation of the ____

A

atria

44
Q

How does the electrical impulse get to the ventricles from the SA node

A

AV node –> bundle of his –> perkinji fibers

45
Q

the slowing of the signal from the atria to the ventricles is associated with what section on the cardiac cycle

A

P - R

46
Q

What is the normal value from P - R

A

1.2 - 2.0

47
Q

What is happening at the T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

48
Q

What is 1 cardiac cycle

A

the time it takes to complete one systole and one diastole of the atria and ventricles

49
Q

How do you calculate 1 cardiac cycle

A

60 sec / (x)bpm ~ 60/72 = 0.8s for one cardiac cycle for systole and diastole together

50
Q

what signals the beginning of early systole (early depolarization) of the LV

A

closure of the mitral/bicuspit (AV) valve

51
Q

What ECG wave is associated with the start of systole in the LV

A

Peak of the R wave

52
Q

What is happening to L ventricular in early systole while the AV valve is closing

A

there is an isovolumic contraction

53
Q

What is the purpose of the isovolumic contraction

A

to build up pressure in the ventricle that forces the aortic valve to open

54
Q

When the volume starts coming out of the ventricles, what is that associated with on ECG

A

S - T

55
Q

Blood is coming out of the ventricles in early ___

A

systole

56
Q

What ECG eave corresponds with the end of systole

A

T wave

57
Q

What sound is associated with AV valve closing

A

S1

58
Q

What sound is associated with aortic valve closing

A

S2

59
Q

What ECG letters is start to end of systole

A

R - T

60
Q

What is the volume called that is left over in the ventricles after it ejects to aortic valve

A

End Systolic Volume

61
Q

What starts early diastole of LV?

A

opening of AV (mitral/bicuspid) valve

62
Q

What happens to atrial and ventricular pressure when the AV valve opens in early diastole?

A

Atrial is slightly above ventricular and blood is flowing passively

63
Q

When would we here S3? What it the sound caused by?

A

in early diastole when blood is flowing from atria to ventricle, there is too much left over from ventricle not ejecting properly so its creating a splash

64
Q

What is signifies late diastole

A

the atrial kick

65
Q

What ECG wave is associates with late diastole

A

P - R interval

66
Q

What is the volume calling at the end of diastole

A

End diastolic volume aka Preload

67
Q

When would S4 be heard? What is causing this sound?

A

end of diastole
increased stiffness of the L ventricle, trying to stuff too much blood into ventricle and causing a sounds

68
Q

The 2 coronary arteries branch off of the __

A

aorta

69
Q

What coronary arteries branch of the aorta

A

L and R coronary arteries

70
Q

What branches off the L Main Coronary artery

A

the L anterior descending artery (LAD) and the L circumflex artery

71
Q

What part of the heart does the LAD supply

A

anterior portion of L and R ventricles
intraventricular septum (bundle of his is here)

72
Q

How much of the heart (%) does the LAD supply

A

70%

73
Q

What part of the heart does the L circumflex supply?

A

posterior/lateral portion of the L ventricle and L atrium

74
Q

What does the R coronary artery supply

A

R atrium and R ventricle

75
Q

What artery supplies the SA and AV node

A

R coronary artery

76
Q

What branches off the coronary artery

A

posterior descending artery

77
Q

What does the posterior descending artery supply?

A

Part of the posterior R Ventricle

78
Q

___ collects de-oxygenated blood ___ and dumps it into RA

A

Coronary sinus
Coronary veins

79
Q

What are the layers of the arteries (out –> in)

A

tunica externa
tunica media
tunica interna
endothelium
lumen

80
Q

Tunica media is made of __ for ___

A

smooth muscle for vasoconstriction and dilation

81
Q

The elastic parts of the tunica media serve to ___

A

accommodate for increases in BP

82
Q

What is normal blood flow called?

A

Laminar Blood flow

83
Q

What is blood flow through a narrow space called?

A

Turbulent Blood Flow

84
Q

When resistance increases, velocity ___

A

decreases

85
Q

When viscosity decreases, velocity increases

A
86
Q

When surface area increases, velocity ___

A

decreases

87
Q

Atherosclerosis vs ateriosclerosis

A

athero : fat build up causes hardening of artieries
arterio: hardening and narrowing of artery walls CAUSED by atherosclerosis

88
Q

What happens when you have hardening of artery walls (arteriosclerosis)

A

they are not as elastic and periphery does not get adequate blood flow

Mod 1 (7 decks)

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