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Mod 1 > Exercise and Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Exercise and Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What controls HR?

A

SA node and automaticity

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2
Q

What is steady state and when is it typically reached?

A

optimal HR for a given workload (HR should flatten out)
1-2min

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3
Q

What is training effect?

A

heart rate will be less same workload over time
*don’t make goals for this bc many factors play a role

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4
Q

How do you calculate HRMax

A

220 - age

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5
Q

low-level stress test __%HRMax
sub-max stress test __%HRMax

A

75%
85%

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6
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle each cardiac cycle or heart beat

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7
Q

How do you calculate stroke volume?

A

SV = End diastolic volume - End systolic volume
SV = EDV - ESV

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8
Q

What is end diastolic volume and end systolic volume

A

EDV = how much is in ventricles during filling
ESV = how much is remaining

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9
Q

What is the relationship between preload (how much blood is in the heart), EDV, and SV

A

inc preload –> inc EDV –> ESV
more tension = more blood out

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10
Q

What is the relationship between afterload, ESV, and SV
(afterload is the pressure the ventricles need to over come in oder to eject blood)

A

Inc after-load –> inc ESV –> dec SV

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11
Q

___ is the pressure the ventricles need to over come in oder to eject blood

A

After-load

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12
Q

Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors that influence contractility

A

intrinsic - myocardial stretch (EDV)
extrinsic - sympathetic stimulation (epinephrine)

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13
Q

How does our body do venous return

A

gastroc - walking
one way valves up legs
respiratory pump - ICV passes through diaphragm

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14
Q

What happens to stroke volume as venous return increases? why?

A

increases because there is more blood to be pumped in and out

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15
Q

What is normal stroke volume? how does it change if you are an athlete

A

70 ml/beat
increases if you are an athlete

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16
Q

What is cardiac output

A

volume of blood pumped out per min

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17
Q

how do you calculate cardiac output?

A

CO (Q) = HR x SV

18
Q

2 people with 50 bpm and 80bpm both have a Qrest = 5.04 l/min.
How does stroke volume influence cardiac output at rest?

A

higher stroke volume = less bpm bc heart is more efficient
lower stroke volume = more bpm bc heart is less efficient

19
Q

to maintain 5l/min CO, what happens to HR and SV when:
dec sympathetic stim to heart

A

inc HR and dec SV

20
Q

to maintain 5l/min CO, what happens to HR and SV when:
inc parasympatheitc stim to heart

A

dec HR and inc SV

21
Q

to maintain 5l/min CO, what happens to HR and SV when:
inc venous return

A

dec HR and inc SV

22
Q

to maintain 5l/min CO, what happens to HR and SV when:
dec EDV

A

inc HR and dec SV

23
Q

to maintain 5l/min CO, what happens to HR and SV when:
dec blood volume

A

inc HR and dec SV

24
Q

What happens to HR and SV when CO increases during exercise

A

HR and SV increase

25
Q

What is ejection fraction

A

the percentage of ventricular filling that is ejected with each heart beat

26
Q

How do you calculate ejection fraction?

A

EF = SV / EDV
SV = (EDV - ESV)

27
Q

What is a normal ejection fraction
What percentage is indicative of heart failure

A

60-70%
<40%

28
Q

What happens to SBP during exercise, why?

A

increases because blood is being pumped more quickly causing more pressure

29
Q

What are some reasons for concern with SBP and exercise

A

SBP doesn’t rise
drop >10mmHg
extertional hypotension (drop >20mmHg)

30
Q

What is normal and abnormal DBP response during exercise

A

norm: unchanged or slight decrease
abnormal: >90mmHg or increase >10mmHg

31
Q

What is the relationship between pulse pressure and exercise
how do you calculate PP

A

PP = SBP - DBP
widens with inc workload

32
Q

What is narrowing and excessive widening of PP a sign of

A

narrowing - inotropic incompetence or decrease contractility
excessive widening - arteriosclerosis or systolic hypertension

33
Q

What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), what is the norm

A

average pressure in arteries over one cardiac cycle
70 mmHg

34
Q

How do you calculate MAP

A

MAP = DBP + .33(pulse pressure)
pulse pressure = sys - dys

35
Q

What is Rate Pressure Product and how do you calculate

A

indicator of myocardial O2 demand
RPP = SBP x HR

36
Q

what are you at risk of if RPP is above norm (20,000 - 40,000)

A

ischemia

37
Q

Endurance is looking at delivery of blood and utilization (O2 used by tissues) of blood. How is utilization measured

A

a - vo2 diff
arterial - venous difference

38
Q

How do you measure oxygen consumption? (VO2)

A

V02 = HR x SV x (a-vO2 diff)

39
Q

How do you measure O2 consumption with central and peripheral

A

central: CO = HR x SV
peripheral: A - VO2 differance

40
Q

what is resting O2 consumption (approx)

A

250ml/min

41
Q

__ml/kg/min = 1 MET

A

3.5

Mod 1 (7 decks)

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