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MOCK QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Fat droplets are broken up and mechanically kept apart by bile salt action. What is the name of the process?

A

Emulsification

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2
Q

What advice would a doctor give a patient who had their gallbladder removed?

A

Consumer foods lower in fat

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3
Q

How does fat absorption through the plasma membrane of epithelial cells occur and what does it require?

A

Simple diffusion and requires micelles

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4
Q

What is the advantage of the enteric nervous system’s long reflex pathway?

A

It responds to the whole length of the GI tract

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5
Q

Some antacid drugs block histamine receptors, leading to reduced stomach acid production. Which cells do they target?

A

Chief cells

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6
Q

The hormones secretin and cholecystokinin are released by duodenal enteroendocrine cells to:

A

Slow the activation of the stomach

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7
Q

A series of reactions to split large molecules is called:

A

Chemical digestion

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8
Q

What is the term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart?

A

Angia pectoris

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9
Q

Norepinephrine acts on the heart by:

A

Increasing heart rate and force of contraction

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10
Q

Which of the following is not part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

A

Myenteric plexus

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11
Q

ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) influences the heart by:

A

Reducing blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting Na+ and water retention

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12
Q

Whereas most sodium (Na+) is found in ECF, most _____ is found in ICF.

A

Potassium (K+)

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13
Q

A decrease in osmolarity of extracellular fluid causes water to:

A

Move into cells

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14
Q

After drinking 4L of water post marathon, nausea and vomiting occur due to

A

Hyponatremia

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15
Q

Bile salts are reabsorbed in what part of the GI tract?

A

Distal part of ileum

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16
Q

What part of the GI tract is NOT involved in nutrient absorption?

A

Esophagus

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17
Q

What is involved in secretion, mechanical breakdown, digestion and absorption

A

Stomach

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18
Q

Short chain triglycerides are split by which enzymes

A

Lipase

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19
Q

Digestion and also portion off what is most affected if the liver is damaged ?

A

Lipids

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20
Q

What is an important stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion?

A

Prescence of peptides

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21
Q

Which cells produce intrinsic factor needed for vitamin B12 absorption?

A

Parietal cells

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22
Q

Which enzyme is most active with high concentrations of protein fragments in the small intestine?

A

Trypsin

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23
Q

What is the correct sequence of the large intestine from ileum to anus?

A

What is the correct sequence of the large intestine from ileum to anus?

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24
Q

What stops reabsorption of glucose at the apical surface of PCT cells?

A

Sodium-Potassium ATPase pump inhibition

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25
An increase in permeability of cells in the collecting duct to water is due to:
Increased ADH (antidiuretic hormone) levels
26
Mechanism of water reabsorption by renal tubules:
Osmosis through aquaporins
27
Most electrolyte reabsorption by renal tubules is:
Hormonally controlled in distal convoluted tubule (DCT) segments
28
Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it:
Decreases secretion of ADH
29
Function of angiotensin II is to:
Constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure
30
Mass movement in the large intestine is initiated by:
Gastrocolic reflex
31
Primary function of capillaries is:
Permit exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissue cells
32
Histologically, the tunica intima is composed of:
Squamous epithelium supported by sparse connective tissue
33
Why are arterioles known as resistance vessels?
They have small diameter and thick muscular walls, controlling blood flow
34
What provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?
Renal regulation
35
Due to branching, the type of arteries most numerous are:
Arterioles
36
What aids venous return?
Pressure changes in thorax
37
Velocity of blood is:
Slowest in capillaries
38
What is the effect of a patient with uncontrolled hypertension?
Left ventricular hypertrophy
39
The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart is:
Angina pectoris
40
Norepinephrine acts on the heart by:
Increasing heart rate and contractions strength
41
Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
Myenteric plexus
42
Reduction in albumin concentration in blood plasma affects capillary exchange by:
Decreasing osmotic pressure, causing more fluid to leave the blood
43
After substantial blood loss, what will NOT happen?
Decreased heart rate
44
What causes dizziness when standing up after sitting a long time?
Increased sympathetic output to the heart
45
What occurs from ACE inhibition?
Decreased production of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation
46
Aldosterone activity mainly results in
Increased sodium reabsorption
47
What increases blood pressure
Peripheral resistance
48
Correct description of arteries
All arteries carry blood away from heart
49
Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) formula:
HP of glomerular capillaries) - (OP of glomerular capillaries + HP of capsular space)
50
Correct sequence for urine elimination:
PCT → Collecting duct → Minor calyx → Major calyx → Ureter → Urethra
51
True about tubular reabsorption:
Involves hormonal signals in the collecting duct
52
Transport maximum for glucose is 11.1 mmol/L — if blood glucose is 13.0 mmol/L, glucose will:
Appear in urine
53
Area of the brain majorly involved in water and electrolyte balance:
Hypothalamus
54
Hypotonic hydration refers to:
Condition from renal insufficiency or too much water
55
ANP acts by:
Reducing blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting Na+ and water retention
56
Decrease in extracellular osmolarity causes water to:
Move into cells
57
Short chain triglycerides are digested by:
Lipase
58
Which enzymes are most active in the presence of protein fragments in small intestine?
Trypsin
59
Layers of every organ in the GI tract from inside out:
Mucosa → Submucosa → Muscularis externa → Serosa
60
Mass movement in large intestine initiated by:
Gastrocolic reflex

Human Anatomy And Physiology (10 decks)

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