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Ruben's Nursing 50B > Mobility > Flashcards

Mobility Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the term that refers to the position of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting and lying?

A

posture

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2
Q

What is the force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement?

A

friction

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3
Q

What is the force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move?

A

shear

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of bone?

A
  • long
  • short
  • flat
  • irregular
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5
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of bone?

A
  • firmness
  • rigidity
  • elasticity
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6
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • protects vital organs
  • aids in calcium regulation
  • bone marrow aids in RBC production
  • provides structure for muscular system
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7
Q

What are the 4 classifications of joints?

A
  • synostotic (ie pelvis)
  • cartilaginous (ie sternocostal)
  • fibrous (ie tibia-fibia)
  • synovial (ie elbow)
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8
Q

What are white, shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue that binds joints together and connects bone and cartilages?

A

ligaments

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9
Q

What are white, glistening, fibrous bands of tissue that connect muscle to bone?

A

tendons

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10
Q

What is the term for the intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeutic reasons?

A

bed rest

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11
Q

What are the 5 functions of the endocrine system?

A
  1. response to stress/injury
  2. growth and development
  3. reproduction
  4. maintenance of the internal environment
  5. energy production, use, and storage
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12
Q

How does immobility disrupt metabolic functioning?

A

-decreases metabolic rate; altering the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins; causing fluid, electrolyte and calcium imbalances; and causing GI disturbances.

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13
Q

What is the condition that occurs when the body excretes more nitrogen than it takes in?

A

negative nitrogen balance

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14
Q

What is the term for the inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions?

A

hypostatic pneumonia

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15
Q

What are the 3 major changes to the CV system caused by immobilization?

A
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • increased cardiac workload
  • thrombus formation
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16
Q

What is an accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors and cellular elements of the blood?

A

thrombus

17
Q

Which 3 factors contribute to venous thrombus formation?

A
  1. damage to vessel wall
  2. alterations to blood flow
  3. alterations to blood constituents
18
Q

What are the three factors that contribute to venous thrombus formation referred to as?

A

Virchow’s triad

19
Q

What is an abnormal and possibly permanent condition characterized by fixation of a joint?

A

joint contracture

20
Q

What is the term for when the foot is permanently fixed in plantar flexion?

A

footdrop

21
Q

What is the condition in which the renal pelvis fills before urine enters the ureter?

A

urinary stasis

22
Q

What are calcium stones that lodge in the renal pelvis or pass through the ureters?

A

renal calculi

23
Q

What is an impairment in the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia in tissues?

A

pressure ulcer

24
Q

What is the term for the maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the three planes?

A

Range of Motion (ROM)

25
Q

What are the three planes of the body?

A
  • sagittal (divides Left and Right)
  • transverse (divides Front and Back)
  • frontal (divides Top and Bottom)
26
Q

How should muscle atrophy be measured?

A

anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and skinfolds

27
Q

How often should a respiratory assessment be done on a patient with restricted activity?

A

at least every 2 hours

28
Q

How often should a skin assessment be done on a patient with restricted activity?

A

at least every 2 hours

29
Q

What is the most common back injury?

A

strain on the lumbar muscle group, which includes the muscles around the lumbar vertebrae

Ruben's Nursing 50B (15 decks)

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