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Ruben's Nursing 50B > Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Where does digestion begin? Where does it end?

A
  1. Mouth

2. Small Intestine

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2
Q

What are the three tasks that the stomach performs?

A
  1. storage
  2. mixing
  3. emptying
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3
Q

What are the 4 secretions of the stomach and what function do they perform?

A
  1. HCl (digestion)
  2. mucus (protection
  3. pepsin (digestion)
  4. intrinsic factor (absorption of Vit B12)
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4
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestine?

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ilium
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5
Q

What is absorbed in the jejunum?

A

carbohydrates and proteins

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6
Q

What is absorbed in the ilium?

A

water, fats, some vitamins, iron and bile salts

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7
Q

What is absorbed in the duodenum?

A

most of the nutrients and electrolytes

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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of the large intestine?

A
  • cecum
  • colon
  • rectum
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9
Q

What are the 4 parts of the colon?

A
  • ascending
  • transverse
  • descending
  • sigmoid colon
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10
Q

What are the 3 functions of the colon?

A
  • absorption
  • secretion
  • elimination
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11
Q

What is absorbed in the large intestine?

A
  • water
  • sodium
  • chloride
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12
Q

What is the term for any forced expiratory effort against a closed airway such as when an individual holds his or her breath and tightens his or her muscles in a concerted, strenuous effort?

A

Valsalva maneuver

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13
Q

What is the term for temporary paralysis of intestinal wall that may occur after abdominal surgery or peritoneal injury that causes cessation of peristalsis?

A

paralytic ileus

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14
Q

How long does paralytic ileus usually last?

A

24-48 hrs

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15
Q

What condition does paralytic ileus lead to?

A

abdominal distention

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16
Q

What does the overuse of laxatives cause?

A

serious diarrhea

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17
Q

What are common signs and symptoms of GI upset?

A
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • indigestion
  • diarrhea
  • constipation
18
Q

What is the normal range for bilirubin?

A

0.3-1mg/dL

19
Q

What causes an increased bilirubin?

A
  • hepatobiliary disease
  • bile duct obstruction
  • certain anemias
  • following transfusions
20
Q

What is the normal range for Alkaline phosphotase?

A

30-120 units/L

21
Q

What causes an increased alkaline phosphotase?

A
  • obstructive hepatobiliary diseases
  • hepatobiliary carcinomas
  • bone tumors
  • healing fractures
22
Q

What is the normal range for amylase?

A

60-120 somogyi units

23
Q

What causes an increased amylase?

A
  • abnormalities of the pancreas
  • cholecystitis
  • necrotic bowel
  • diabetic ketoacidosis
24
Q

What action must the patient take before performing a fecal occult blood test?

A

patient must void first to avoid contamination of the specimen

25
What does white or clay feces indicate?
absence of bile
26
What does black or tarry feces indicate?
- iron ingestion | - upper GI bleeding
27
What does red feces indicate?
- hemorrhoids | - lower GI bleeding
28
What does pale, fatty feces indicate?
malabsorption of fat
29
What does translucent mucus in feces indicate?
- spastic constipation - colitis - excessive straining
30
What does blood mucus in feces indicate?
- blood in feces - inflammation - infection
31
What is the term for the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sigmoid colon?
enema
32
What is the primary reason for an enema?
to promote defecation by stimulating peristalsis
33
What are the indications for the use of an enema?
- temporary relief of constipation - removing impacted feces - emptying of bowel before diagnostic test/surgery - beginning a program of bowel training
34
What are the 6 common types of enemas?
- cleansing enemas - tap water (hypotonic) - normal saline - hypertonic (fleet) - soapsuds - oil retention - carminative (flatus) - medicated (kayexalate, neomycin solution)
35
When is digital removal of stool indicated?
when all other methods have failed
36
What are the 4 purposes of nasogastric intubation?
- decompression - enteral feeding - compression - lavage
37
Why does a patient with an ostomy wear a pouch?
to collect effluent (stool discharged from the stoma)
38
What is the normal stoma color?
bright pink or brick red
39
How can a patient keep their feces soft?
- eating foods high in fiber | - increased fluid intake
40
What are the dangers of digital removal of stool?
- traumatizing the rectal mucosa | - promoting vagal stimulation (decreases HR)

Ruben's Nursing 50B (15 decks)

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