Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Domain 2 > MNT-Kidneys & Diabetes > Flashcards

MNT-Kidneys & Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

-initial site of filtration in kidneys
-cup shape, encapsulates glomerulus

A

Bowman’s Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

-blocks red blood cells & proteins from entering, allows filtrate thru
-acts like a filter
-capillaries

A

Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

absorbs nutrients from filtrate to keep them in the body

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

creates concentration gradients for water and sodium balance

A

Loop of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

-regulates reabsorption of water and electrolytes
-helps maintain acid-base balance

A

distal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

filter blood & maintain water balance in entire body

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

functional units of kidneys

A

nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

-kidney functions
-“SAFE”

A

Secrete hormones
Absorb electrolytes, water
Filters waste, protein
Excretes waste, urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

vasopressin hormone from kidneys

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most common type of kidney stone

A

Calcium Oxolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reccs:
2 L water/day
sufficient calcium
low oxalates (4-50 mg/day)

A

Kidney stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reccs:
-IV macronutrients
-low sodium potassium, phosphorous
-25-40 cals/kg

A

Acute kidney injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DTD:
-gradual loss in kidney function
-GFR as an indicator
-Sxs: Nausea, vomit, weight loss, anemia

A

Chronic Kidney Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GFR decreases, protein needs decrease

A

Stages move 1-4 in CKD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

-kidneys no longer function, causing toxin buildup
-GFR less than 15
-BUN >100 (accumulates)
-“Stage 5”

A

End Stage Renal Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood pumped out of the arm and thru machine
-Protein: 1-1.2 g/kg
-Vits: Bro, I’m Positive Zombies Can’t Follow Directions

A

Hemodialysis

17
Q

catheter in abdomen to pull out waste and excess fluid
-Protein 1.2-1.3 g/kg
-less cals/carbs

A

Peritoneal Dialysis

18
Q

Decreased secretion of adosterone, cortisol & androgens
ex: lower sodium, dehydration, potassium

A

Addison’s Disease

19
Q

body is impaired at moving glucose from blood into cells, causing high glucose in blood

A

Diabetes

20
Q

Hormone decreases blood glucose levels

A

Insulin

21
Q

Hormone increases blood glucose levels

A

Glucagon

22
Q

-Fasting Plasma Glucose
-Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
-Hemoglobin A1C

A

Glucose/Diabetes tests

23
Q

FPC >126
OGT>200
A1C>6.5%

A

Diabetes

24
Q

DTD:
-autoimmune
-GADA present
-body doesn’t make enough insulin, but still responds to synthetic

A

Type I Diabetes

25
Q

-body makes insulin but tissues don’t responds to it well (resistance)
-assoc: sedentary, smoking, hypertension, obesity
-acanthosis nigricans (brown pigments on skin)

A

Type II Diabetes

26
Q

Type I Diabetes reccs

A

-monitor bg & insulin
-carb counting
-time meals

27
Q

organ that produces & releases insulin

A

Pancreas

28
Q

Risk: fetal macrosomnia (large baby) & fetal hypoglycemia
Reccs: 176 g of CHO/day, glucose control, maybe insulin

A

gestational diabetes

29
Q

-Pre meal/bolus insulins
-5-15 mins before eating
ex: Aspart, Lispro

A

Rapid Acting Insulins

30
Q

-pre meal/bolus
30-45 mins before

A

short-acting insulin

31
Q

basal/background
lasts 2-4 hrs (taken morning and night-night snack)
-ex: NPHs

A

Intermediate acting insulins

32
Q

basal/background
last 18-24 hrs
ex: levemir, lantus

A

Long Acting Insulins

33
Q

-insulin pump provides both basal and bolus insulin

A

Continuous sustained insulin infusion

34
Q

-drug that inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver
-s/e: GI, B12 def, anemia

A

Metformin

35
Q

-drugs that decrease glucagon levels, increase insulin, increase satiety & delay gastric emptying

A

GLP-1 receptor antagonists

36
Q

-increase in morning blood glucose

A

dawn phenomenon

37
Q

MNT: insulin therapy and rehydration

A

ketoacidosis

38
Q

-resources used in diabetes meal planning to help carb intake
-classifies food in carb content and portion sizes

A

carbohydrate exchange list

39
Q

fruits, starch, misc-15
milks-12
non starchy veg-5

A

common carb exchange values

Domain 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions