Mnt Flashcards
What is the minimum amount of medium-intensity exercise recommended per week for adults according to general health guidelines?
150 minutes for medium-intensity
burn patient with 15% of surface area , he is unconscious what is the best type of feeding ?
❛ Initiate enteral feeding neww (NGT or gastrostomy tube or Peg)
A 48-year-old man visited his GP after being jaundiced following a family wedding. He subsequently was diagnosed with decompensated liver disease due to previously undiagnosed liver cirrhosis. He has noticed he has lost a lot of his muscle mass, and his weight has dropped from 84 kg to 70 kg. His GP has referred him to dietetic services for assessment and advice. What is the aim of the dietetic intervention plan?
Correct protein-calorie malnutrition
Nutrition therapy for hepatitis consists of protein?
Increase protein to 1-2g protein/kg per day
In a nutrition assessment form, which of the following factors is used to determine the risk of nutritional problems?
Dietary intake history
What intervention is commonly recommended for individuals with cirrhosis?
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation
In patients with cirrhosis, which of the following proteins is typically restricted in their diet?
A) Isoleucine
B) Leucine
C) Valine
D) Tyrosine
D) Tyrosine
For an underweight person who wants to increase muscle mass, which supplement is recommended?
A) Leucine, isoleucine, and valine (BCAA)
The determination of fluid needs in a patient depends on the patient’s condition, which includes?
Fluid status (dehydration, hydration)
During weight loss, a patient is likely in a state of?
Catabolism
During weight gain, a patient is likely in a state of?
Anabolism
The following could relieve hepatic encephalopathy?
a) Aromatic amino acids supplement
b) Administration of lactulose
b) Administration of lactulose
regarding of medical Nutrition Therapy for acute hepatitis all true except ?
a. Low carbohydrate
b. Small frequent meals
c. 20 - 25% fat
d. High energy dense
a. Low carbohydrate
All are causes of hepatic encephalopathy EXCEPT? A) Animal meat
B) Food high in BCAA (Branched-Chain Amino Acids)
C) Food rich in glutamine
D) Constipation
B) Food high in BCAA (Branched-Chain Amino Acids)
The concentration of branched chain amino acid and aromatic amino acid in patient with hepatic encephalopathy is?
high BCAA, low AAA pa
Supplements for hepatic encephalopathy, And why?
BCAA , help reduce protein catabolism and improve cognitive function in patients with liver
disease by providing an alternative energy source - improve neurological functioning
Which dietary approach is commonly recommended for individuals with liver disease?
a) High calorie, high protein, high fat, low sodium
b) Low calorie, low protein, low fat, high sodium
c) High calorie, normal protein, low fat, low sodium
c) High calorie, normal protein, low fat, low sodium
All are advantages of using an enteral pump EXCEPT?
A) Minimize feeding intolerance
B) Can be used for bolus and intermittent feeding
C) Reduce contamination
A) Minimize feeding intolerance
When compared to intermittent feedings, continuous feedings?
Require a pump for infusion
Patient with 4-Stage Renal Disease and Early Protein-Energy Malnutrition: What is the best intervention?
Increase protein to 1 g/kg/d
Physical signs of PEM might include all of the following except?
a) Low serum albumin
b) Dull, brittle hair
c) Poor grip strength
d) Wasted appearance
a) Low serum albumin
**A realistic goal for weight loss is to reduce body weight by?
By 5%-10% over six months
A person who consistently consumes 1700 kcal/day and expends 2200 kcal/day for a month would be expected to?
Lose 4 -5 pounds/monthly
**A mother brings her 6-month-old baby to the clinic seeking guidance on transitioning from breastfeeding to formula feeding. She asks about the type of formula she should use. Which of the following options would be the most appropriate recommendation?
Iron-fortified formula
For a patient with who has significant difficulty with oral feeding, which of the following is the most appropriate route of feeding?
Gastrostomy long-term (PEG)
/// NG short term
All are true regarding the advantages of closed tube systems EXCEPT? A) May reduce bacterial contamination
B) Can save at room temperature for 24 hours
C) Provides more calorie-dense
D) Allows more fiber formula to be added
B) Can save at room temperature for 24 hours
patient with pancreatitis requires nutritional support due to difficulty in oral intake. Which route of feeding would be the most appropriate choice for this patient? Krause 638
nasojejunal (jejunal)
What is the recommended enteral nutrition route for a patient with an ileostomy?
Jejunostomy tube (if normal DIET : low fiber diet )
For an older adult patient with malnutrition and Alzheimer’s who refuses to eat, the best route for enteral feeding is?
PEG for long term
Nasogastric tube (NGT tube) for short term
Mediterranean Diet in oral Alzheimer’s disease
What is the most important management in Alzheimer’s disease?
Give omega-3
**For a patient with esophageal cancer and low appetite, which nutritional intervention might be considered?
Jejunostomy (Krause 820)
or
TPN
After an esophageal cancer operation, which of the following complications is most expected?
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
What dietary approach is recommended for a patient with esophageal cancer who has a low appetite?
High-calorie, nutrient-dense
For a patient with esophageal cancer, dysphagia, and severe weight loss, what would be a suitable dietary intervention?
Tube feeding
A patient with dysphagia should ideally receive which type of nutrition?
Enteral
For a patient with esophageal cancer who has experienced weight loss due to difficulty swallowing but has recently improved by consuming small, slow-paced meals, what is the most appropriate diet and type of food record to use?
A liquid diet with small, frequent meals and a food record focused on documenting food
quantities and ease of swallowing
For a patient with stomach cancer who will undergo chemotherapy, what type of feeding is recommended if there is a need for nutritional support?
Jejunostomy tube
For a patient with stomach cancer who has been in remission for 5 years, what is a key consideration for follow-up?
Regular imaging and endoscopic evaluations
Diet should be ________ to stimulate gastrin secretion and to increase lower esophageal sphincter pressure ?
↑ protein
What factor has the most significant impact on the course of Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS)?
Resection of the distal ileum
Which of the following patients with short bowel syndrome is likely to require long-term Home Total Parenteral Nutrition?
Small bowel length 75 cm with end jejunostomy
What is the Plateau Effect in the context of weight loss?
A period where weight loss slows down and eventually stops
15% within 2 weeks.
All true regarding lower esophageal disorder except..?
a. enteral or parenteral
b. small frequent meal
c. Speech therapist
enteral or parenteral
All are true about managing esophageal varices except?
A) NPO
B) Soft diet
C) Albumin
D) Full liquid diet
C) Albumin
Esophageal varices can be defined as?
Enlargement and dilation of the blood vessels in the esophagus
Has great developed and growth rapidly and change?
Adolescence
Protein requirements expressed per kg body weight are higher during?
Childhood as compared with adults
Nutrition therapy for patients with cancer include?
Cachexia is more responsible for death than cancer itself
Increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, caused in port by
cytokines, decreases Weight
Cancer cachexia
Cardiac cachexia patients lose …% of their weight?
6% of body wt in 6 months , bmi less than 17 for men and 14 for women
Patient with Liver Disease Suffering from Fever, Diarrhea, Vomiting, and Now Stable: What is the Most Important Management?
A) Avoid Unintentional Weight Loss
For a 35-year-old male diagnosed with colon cancer, if a dietitian wants to describe the malnutrition associated with the cancer, the most appropriate term would be?
Cachexia
An 86-year-old male who is receiving daily radiation treatment for colon cancer. Which of the following side effects of radiation treatment is most likely to affect the patient’s nutritional status?
Nausea and vomiting
Cytokines are proteins that?
Direct stress responses
**A cancer patient on chemotherapy with mouth ulcers should be advised to follow a diet that is?
cold soft diet (COLD MILK)
A patient has mucositis. What is the best snack for him?
cup of cold milk
*A patient with chronic pancreatitis and severe abdominal pain is being managed. Which of the following is the best advice for this condition?
small frequent & low fat diet + MCT (Medium-Chain Triglycerides) / soft or enteral nutrition (EN)
For a client with chronic pancreatitis, the most beneficial strategy is?
Use enzyme replacements to improve fat absorption
Energy distributed percentage of fat in enteral feeding?
20-30%
What is the most appropriate dietary approach for a baby with pancreatitis?
Low-fat diet with frequent small meals
You are tasked with calculating the volume of enteral nutrition (EN) needed for a patient. If the EN feed is administered every 4 hours, and the total daily requirement is 1,200 mL, what is the volume of EN to be administered every 4 hours? neww
300 mL ( every 4 hours means 6 times in a day, 1200/6)
What is a potential complication of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)?
Catheter infection
All of the following are considered risks of parenteral nutrition except?
a) Visceral protein loss
b) Infections
c) Fatty liver
d) Blood clots
a) Visceral protein loss
When a patient transitions from parenteral nutrition to oral feeding, at what point should the parenteral nutrition be discontinued?
As soon as the patient is able to tolerate any oral feeding
Solid food is well tolerated by mouth. - patient tolerates 75%of daily nutrition requirements
through the oral diet-
Which of the following statements is true?
a) Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) does not alter the acid-base balance: Incorrect; TPN can affect acid-base balance.
b) Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) could cause hypocalcemia: Possible but not as common.
c) Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) could cause hyperglycemia
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) could cause hyperglycemia
Which one of the following micronutrients is routinely added to TPN?
Manganes
Trace elements are routinely added to Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN). Common trace elements include:
- Zinc
- Copper
- Selenium
- **Manganese*
Why exercise important for DM2 ?
Improve Glucose control and improve(increase) insulin sensitivity
The patient above develops gradual onset of shortness of breath, 3-pillow orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea with mild ankle edema over a period of eight months. These symptoms may be a result of which of the following?
magnesium or thiamine deficiency
Maternal magnesium deficiency has been speculated to play a part in increased risk?
for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
In parenteral nutrition, which component contributes negligibly to osmolarity?
A) Dextrose
B) Sodium
C) Amino acid
D) Lipid
D) Lipid
Compared to solutions delivered by peripheral vein, solutions delivered by central vein provide?
More dextrose, less fat
How many grams of dextrose in 300 mL of 70% dextrose ?
100ml = 70g of dextrose
70*3=210 g
How many calories are supplied by 800 mL of 70% dextrose solution?
70*8= 560x3.4= 1904kcal)
Dextrose contributes approximately ________ ?
5 mOsm/g
Osmolality in enteral nutrition is
290 mOsm/kg
Osmolality in parental is
800-900 mOsm/kg
The normal osmolality of gastrointestinal tract is approximately ?
300 mOsm/L
prokinetic agent ?
Metoclopramide (helps to increase gastrointestinal motility, making it useful in conditions like
gastroparesis)
Why might an older adult experience digestive problem, such as slower digestion, as they age?
Decreased gastrointestinal motility
Which of the following does not increase fluid requirement in patients receiving tube feeding?
a) Fiber-enriched formula
b) Fistula output
c) Nausea
Nausea
A patient undergoes a kidney transplant and is obese. What is the most appropriate recommendation regarding weight management for this patient?
He should lose weight
Regarding to GERD causes all true except ?
a. Underweight
b. Overweight
c. Stress
a. Underweight
which type of enteral feeding can reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia?
transgastric jejunal
For a patient with GERD on enteral feeding, what is the most appropriate method?
Continuous feeding over 24h , with the head of the bed elevated
What is the main advantage of naso-enteric feeding over other feeding routes?
Avoids surgical placement ‘
35-year-old female is hospitalized for pneumonia and requires mechanical ventilation for more than 14 days. Assuming her GI tract is functioning normally, how should she receive nutritional support to sustain her caloric requirement?
Enteral nutrition support via nasogastric tube
a common delivery method used for hospital patients. This method provides a slow infusion of feeding in stomach or small intestine on an hourly basis ?
Continuous feeding
Which surgical procedure involves stapling of the stomach to create a smaller pouch?
Gastroplasty
Which of the following bariatric surgery procedures has been shown to have the least amount of postoperative side effects?
Gastric banding
The bariatric surgery process where the upper part of the stomach is changed and connected to the intestines is called?
Bypass
Which of the following bariatric surgeries is described by the statement: “a surgery where the majority of the greater curvature of the stomach is removed and a tubular stomach is created”?
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy
Which of the following bariatric surgeries is described by the statement: “a surgery where the majority of the greater curvature of the stomach is removed and a tubular stomach is created”?
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy
Long-range nutritional problems that are possible following a subtotal gastrectomy are?
hypocalcemia and osteoporosis, iron deficiency and pernicious anemia & fear of eating+
All of the following are appropriate interventions if delayed gastric emptying is suspected except?
A. Switching to low fat formula
B. Reduce the rates of infusion by 20 to 25 mL/h
C. Administering a prokinetic agent
D. Changing infusion from continues to bolus
D. Changing infusion from continues to bolus
What is the way to know the gastric emptying rate?
Scintigraphy
A child is diagnosed with a Campylobacter jejuni infection and presents with symptoms of bloody diarrhea. What is the first step in managing this condition?
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) even with bloody diarrhea
