Diet Flashcards
For a patient with 20% burned surface, you should provide Diet ?
High calorie diet:. Burn patients require increased calorie intake to support healing and recovery.
Liver patient with porto-systemic shunting are advised to follow diet ?
Soft diet
Which of the following statements correctly describes an appropriate diet for severe stress?
a) The diet is always high in calories
b) The diet has little effect on blood glucose levels
c) The amounts of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins that supply energy make little difference
d) Although the diet must supply adequate energy, energy needs are generally not high, except
for some people with extensive burns or head injuries
d) Although the diet must supply adequate energy, energy needs are generally not high, except
for some people with extensive burns or head injuries
The use of oral diets in the immediate post-stress period is not possible because severe stress?
Decreases the appetite
The major reason early enteral nutrition must be introduced by tube following a severe stress is that?
Oral diets cannot meet energy and nutrient needs
Dietary sources of branched-chain amino acids include all the following except?
a) Dairy products
b) Eggs
c) Fruits and vegetables
d) Meat
c) Fruits and vegetables
what is the diet For the person with cirrhosis, signs of short-term memory loss and an inability to concentrate?
hepatic Encephalopathy
so give BCAA and
Moderate protein 1.5g/kg distributed all day
Selenium is an antioxidant that has shown promising anti-cancer properties, yet most people do not meet their requirements established by the RDA (55 μg/day). Which of the following foods is a good source of selenium?
Brazil nuts
45-year-old male recently passed a kidney stone. Which of the following foods contain the highest amount of oxalate and should be limited in patients with calcium oxalate kidney stones?
Dark green leafy vegetables spinach
almound nut
tea
Treatment for all kidney stones includes ?
Fluid intake that maintains a urine volume of at least 2.5 liters/day
Uric acid stones are formed when the medium is acidic (pH 5.5 or less). To convert the acidic medium to alkaline and help manage these stones, which of the following treatments is most effective?
A) Eating less red meat
B) Eating foods that increase the alkalinity of the blood
C) Taking potassium citrate
Which process is affected by the reduction of purines in the diet?
Uric acid cycle
For a patient with calcium phosphate stones, which of the following is the best dietary choice to prevent recurrence?
Foods rich in calcium but low in phosphorus
The right diet for uric acid stones?
low protein
*{low purine diet high alkaline food}
What is a bioactive source of calcium?
Low-fat milk
Which of the following dietary recommendations is typically advised for individuals prone to oxalate stone formation?
Limit intake of high-oxalate foods such as spinach, rhubarb, and nuts
For a patient with nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) what is the appropriate dietary recommendation regarding tea consumption?
Decrease tea intake because oxalate is high
Nephrolithiasis diet
avoid salt diet + moderate protein ,+A low-fat, oxalate-restricted diet and adequate hydration
People with calcium oxalate stones their diet will restrict?
Oxalate , use probiotic and supplements with calcium rich food to reduce oxalate absorption
People will calcium oxalate stones may benefit from diets that restrict?
Oxalate and sodium
A patient with nephrolithiasis has normal levels of calcium and oxalate. What type of food should they avoid?
High-purine foods
**A kidney patient with high potassium levels has been prescribed a low-potassium diet from the dietitian. Which of the following foods would be appropriate for this patient to include in their diet?
A) Bananas
B) Eggplant
C) Apples
C) Apples
Concentrated sugars and fats such as honey, sugar, heavy cream, butter, and jam are included in a renal failure diet to achieve a _________ without producing nitrogenous wastes?
high energy intake.
For a patient with esophagitis, what is the best approach for management?
Eliminate acidic foods
Which of the following nutrients may be unintentionally restricted when a person follows a renal diet? Or when a patient restricts phosphorus intake?
Calcium
A person with chronic kidney disease, who has been following a renal diet for several years, begins hemodialysis treatment. An appropriate dietary adjustment would be to?
Consume protein more liberally
In acute renal injury, the RD should make sure to?
Decrease potassium intake in the patient diet
For a patient who missed their dialysis session, which dietary approach is typically recommended?
Low potassium, low phosphate, low sodium, fluid restriction, may be low or medium protein
A 65-year-old male with stage 4 kidney disease is scheduled to go on dialysis in a few months. Medical nutrition therapy for patients prior to initiating dialysis restricts protein for which of the following reasons?
To slow the progression of renal disease
What to do when a patient in a bad situation and missed dialysis and won’t be getting any in 5 day?
Try to prevent FKAU:
- Fluid overload
- Hyperkalemia
- Acidosis
-uremia
When urine output drops below 1 L/day ?
a change to potassium restriction.
A patient who needs dialysis once a week and has diabetes should follow which type of diet?
Low-carbohydrate diet
A woman following a low-carbohydrate diet experiences hypoglycemia. What is the most likely cause of her hypoglycemia?
A) Pyruvate kinase inhibits glucose absorption
B) Glucokinase inhibits glucose absorption
C) Fiber inhibits glucose absorption.
C) Fiber inhibits glucose absorption.
For a patient with Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) who is experiencing malnutrition, which of the following recommendations is appropriate to address their protein and energy needs?
Low-protein, high-energy diet to minimize kidney stress and maintain nutritional status
Which dietary approach is commonly recommended for individuals with renal disease?
Low potassium, low sodium, low phosphate
The fluid restriction is related to the output.
Diet for patient with diabetes and gastroparesis?
Small, frequent meals that are low-fiber and low-fat followed by mild exercises such as a walk
For a person with diabetes and gastroparesis, which type of dietary fiber is generally recommended?
Soluble Fiber
A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and gastroparesis with abdominal discomfort should
Eat fruit puree – Avoid high-fiber foods
Which of the following foods is commonly recommended for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) to avoid ?
Mint + chocolate+ caffeine
Which foods are recommended for managing GERD symptoms?
Ginger and apple
Which dietary approach is commonly recommended for individuals with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
Avoid caffeine, tobacco, stress, large meals, high fat, lying down after eating
What is an appropriate dietary recommendation for a patient with GERD and aspiration pneumonia?
Low-fat, low-acid diet
All of the following contribute to the development of GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) EXCEPT?
A) Weight gain
B) Fatty meals
C) Decaffeinated coffee
D) Tobacco smoking
C) Decaffeinated coffee
What should a patient with GERD avoid in their diet?
A) Spicy foods and caffeine
B) Low-fat yogurt
C) Whole grains
D) Lean proteins
A) Spicy foods and caffeine
Xanthan gum is used as a thickening agent for individuals with dysphagia. However, it is not recommended for which age group due to its association with necrotizing enterocolitis?
Children under 1 year
The Frazier Free Water Protocol is designed to address issues related to dysphagia by allowing the consumption of which type of fluid?
Free water with thickened foods
Also, dry milk powder as a thickener for individuals with dysphagia
difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Level 1: Severe Dysphagia Diet: Pureed foods and thickened liquids.
Level 2: Moderate Dysphagia Diet: Soft, mechanically altered foods and thickened liquids. Level 3: Mild Dysphagia Diet: Soft foods and regular liquids.
Level 4: No Dysphagia Diet: Regular foods and regular liquids.
A Patient with Esophageal Cancer: Which Diet is Best?
Liquid diet – choose is when post surgery
Mechanically Soft(before surgery)
**A patient with oropharyngeal cancer. Which diet is the most appropriate for this patient?
Mechanically soft diet and rout of feeding PEG tube feedings
Berberine
an alkaloid found in a variety of medicinal plants
Which supplements may be helpful in lowering blood sugar?
Cinnamon, Chromium, Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), and Berberine
Rarely hyperglycemia may be caused by__________ deficiency . Insulin is ineffective in this patients?
Chromium deficiency ( Chromium maintain glucose homeostasis by enhancing the activity insulin)
The higher nutrient density (1.5 to 2 kcal/mL) formulas are useful when?
fluid restriction is required.
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals that act as antioxidants and absorb free radicals, potentially protecting against certain types of cancer. Flavonoids are found in high concentrations in which of the following foods?
a) Grapes and wines
b) Berries
c) Green tea
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Which phytochemical is found in green tea, grapes, and wine?
a) Lignans
b) Lycopenes
c) Isoflavones
d) Polyphenols
d) Polyphenols
Fat should provide about _______ % of the non-protein calories in the diet for COPD?
c) 30-50 %
The term that describes the volume of formula remaining in the stomach from previous feeding is ?
A. Residue
B. Osmolar load
C. Gastric residual
C. Gastric residual
Gastric residual volume (GRV) … how many times they take it?
every 4 hours,
(if the question asked in the first 48 hours) so Every 8 hours if the patient wasn’t critically ill.
What is the typical threshold for gastric residual volume that might indicate feeding intolerance in patients on enteral feeding?
100-200 mL (LESS THAN 500)
If gastric residual is 120 ml, what should be done?
Continue feeding because no risk
Usually nothing is given by mouth for at least ______ hours prior to general surgery?
8 hours
Which type of fiber is recommended for a colostomy patient?
Soluble fiber
dietary progression after bariatric surgery and colostomy?
A) Clear liquids for 1-2 days, Full liquids for 10-14 days, Pureed foods for 7-14 days
(after Routine colon surgery: Providing glucose-rich supplementation 6 and 2 hours prior to surgery)
What is an appropriate advanced diet for a gastric sleeve patient progressing from clear liquids to full liquids?
Clear water, broth, unsweetened beverages, and jelly
For a patient with a colostomy, which type of diet is most appropriate?
A) High-residual diet
B) Low-residual diet
C) Medium-residual diet
D) No-residual diet
B) Low-residual diet
An excellent food source of iron is?
Liver
Dietary treatment for lung cancer includes?
1.2 - 1.5 g protein per kilogram of body weight per day, 4,000 kcal,
After a kidney transplant, you should eat more?
Protein (high protein diet )
Fruit (if no protein)
For a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI), which type of enteral nutrition (EN) formula is most appropriate?
Low-protein, renal-specific formula
Dietary and drug therapy for ulcerative colitis includes?
total parenteral nutrition, decreased amounts of raw fruit and vegetables, iron and vitamin B12
supplements.
Ulcerative colitis patients should be advised to take?
Enriched white bread
Which of the following is NOT added to enriched bread? a) Iron
b) Vitamin B12
c) Thiamin
d) Niacin
b) Vitamin B12
bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
vitamin D and milk fortifiers. + 5000 IU of vitamin A
+ Starting enteral feeds earlier induces gastric motility and promotes progression to full enteral feedings.
