drugs Flashcards
is a nonabsorbable antibiotic that helps decrease colonic ammonia production.
Rifaximin
1) is a nonabsorbable disaccharide.
2) It acidifies the colonic contents, retaining ammonia as the ammonium ion.
3) It also acts as an osmotic laxative to remove the ammo
Lactulose
A drug used to treat hepatic encephalopathy because it prevents absorption of ammonia in the intestine is?
Lactulose
A patient on statin, metformin, and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is experiencing symptoms suggestive of an interaction between metformin and the PPI. Which of the following potential interactions should be considered in the differential diagnosis?
Potential damage to glucose levels due to PPI
What are the interactions of Metformin with other medications?
Potential damage to glucose levels due to PPI
What are the interactions of Metformin with other medications?
PPI (Proton Pump Inhibitors), Bisphosphonates, and Beta-blockers
**A patient taking statins and proton pump inhibitors presents with numbness in the limbs, confusion, and lethargy. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms? (Also taking metformin and atorvastatin)
Vitamin B12 deficiency =cobalamin deficiency due to proton pump inhibitor use.
Why is Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) often considered alongside Statin
To reduce the risk of muscle-related side effects caused by Statins.
patient on statin medication has an abnormal lipid profile. What is the appropriate intervention?
Check CoQ10 levels and consider supplementation if deficient.
Which of the following vitamins and minerals may influence the effectiveness or metabolism of statins?
Vitamin B3 are niacinamide, nicotinic acid.
Vitamin D (Calcitriol)
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone and Menaquinone)
Magnesium, selenium,
( also CoQ10 + omega 3 + Antacids+ grapefruit )
Which of is a common side effect associated with the use of statins?
Muscle pain or weakness
what is a common side effect of taking Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), statins, and metformin together?
Gastrointestinal upset
A patient is prescribed grapefruit, pravastatin, and another medication. Which of the following statements regarding this combination is accurate?
Grapefruit consumption has no significant impact on the efficacy of pravastatin.
(Unlike some other statins (e.g., atorvastatin, simvastatin)
Which one of the following medications can be added to TPN in the appropriate clinical circumstance?
Proton pump inhibitors
Which of the following individuals is LEAST LIKELY to require magnesium supplementation? a) An individual taking long-term furosemide
b) A breastfed infant
c) An individual with chronic alcoholism
d) An older adult
b) A breastfed infant
Which of the following drugs is commonly used to increase appetite in cancer patients?
Megestrol acetate + Dronabinol
Which of the following is best to increase appetite in cancer patients?
Controlling nausea and vomiting with antiemetic drugs
A 50-year-old male with short bowel syndrome. This patient had a small bowel resection secondary to mesenteric ischemia 2 months ago, leaving him with 150 cm of residual small bowel and an end jejunostomy. He is now dependent on TPN 5 days per week. He is having 3 L of stool output per day. There is no evidence of enteric infection. Which of the following pharmacological options is the most reasonable next therapeutic option?
Codeine 30mg po bid
Medications may be added directly to parenteral nutrition . One of the most common medications provided is ?
Insulin + heparin
Medications for gastrointestinal motility include all of the following except?:
a) Erythromycin
b) Reglan
c) Phenytoin
Phenytoin
Which of the following increases GI motility or helps with digestion?
a) High-fat meals
b) Prokinetic medications
b) Prokinetic medications
**A patient is experiencing symptoms of acetone breath, diarrhea, vomiting, and has elevated blood sugar levels. What is the most appropriate supplement to be given?
Potassium – or insulin (it is DKA case)
If you open a patient file and you read the word “oliguria,” what does it mean?
Decrease in urine output
Occurs when acidic juices backflow into the esophagus causing heartburn?
GERD
Which of the following is a potential side effect of medication used to treat Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)that may limit dietary intake?
a) Diarrhea
b) Gastric irritation
c) Dry mouth and dysgeusia
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
A patient with HIV disease for over 16 years has developed lipodystrophy. What are the likely complications?
Insulin resistance
A patient with HIV disease for over 16 years has developed lipodystrophy. What are the likely complications?
Insulin resistance
Which of the following medications is most commonly associated with weight loss?
tirzepatide
Semaglutide
dulaglutide
metformin, liraglutide,
Jardiance (empagliflozin)
Which medications are known to cause weight gain?
Insulin + Sulfonylureas (e.g., Glipizide, Glyburide) + Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
an obese patient with Type 2 Diabetes who maintains regular calorie and food intake, which factor related to medication could contribute to their condition?
Insulin therapy or Increased appetite due to sulfonylurea medication or low physical activity
Glipizide is associated with which vitamin deficiency?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Vitamin D
A) Vitamin B12
The preferred treatment of an infant with metabolic acidosis and increased urinary excretion of methylmalonate is with?
a) Folic acid
b) Thiamine
c) Pyridoxine
d) Vitamin B12
d) Vitamin B12
One of the following is an index of body muscle mass?
a) urinary excretion of methyl histidine.
b) urinary excretion of methyl lysine.
a) urinary excretion of methyl histidine.
Which of the following are conditionally essential amino acids? a) Arginine and leucine
b) Histidine and threonine
c) Histidine and arginine
b) Histidine and threonine
Biguanide (metformin) make the liver produce (less glucose),
-sulfonylurea (glipizide) make the pancreas produce (more insulin),
Glucose lowering medication
All the following vitamins are needed for energy release except ?
A. Thiamin
B. Niacin
C. Riboflavin
D. Cobalamin
D. Cobalamin
When an individual has not eaten in a while, and blood glucose levels begin to fall, alpha cells in the pancreas release ________ that stimulate the breakdown of glycogen stores to release glucose into the bloodstream
Glucagon
Which of the sugars would be most likely beneficial for patients with diabetic neuropathy?
Inositol
is a hormone, made by fat cells, that decreases your appetite.
Leptin
hormone that increases appetite, and also plays a role in body weight.
Ghrelin
A patient who had a kidney transplant has a low calcium level. What test should be performed to help determine the cause?
Vitamin D or Parathyroid hormone (PTH) level
The action of the hormone aldosterone causes the kidney tubules to?
Retain sodium
What of these is responsible for controlling blood pressure?
Adrenal cortex
Antacid casing decreases absorption of
❛ Phosphorus ❜
A type of over-the-counter drug which can produce severe malabsorption is/are?
Antacids
For a client taking the antibiotic tetracycline, which foods and medications should not be taken at the same time as the tetracycline?
milk, calcium-containing antacids, mineral supplements
a
