Diseas Flashcards
Two sources of ammonia that can result in hepatic coma are ___________ and _______?
deamination of amino acids - intestinal bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract.
The consequences of cirrhosis are primarily due to?
Liver cell damage and altered hepatic blood flow
Pathological changes in the liver caused by cirrhosis are?
Fatty infiltration
Fibrous tissue formation
❛ When blood circulation through the liver is impaired by fibrous tissue?
a) Ammonia remains in the systemic circulation
b) Portal hypertension develops
c) Esophageal varices develop
d) All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following factors is associated with the development of cirrhosis?
a) Chronic malnutrition
b) Biliary obstruction
c) Chronic alcohol abuse
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Uncontrolled phenylketonuria (PKU) in children causes?
Mental retardation
Sodium is often restricted in cirrhosis to control ?
❛Fluid retention
Which metabolic disease is characterized by the accumulation of ammonia and glutamine in the body?
Urea cycle disorder (HIGH AMMONIA)
Major changes in a cirrhosis patient that lead to the development of ascites are?
decreased albumin, portal hypertension, hyperaldosteronism.
Positive nitrogen balance occurs in?
Pregnant women
Negative nitrogen balance is seen during?
Infection
In healthy adults, dietary deficiency of one of the following leads to negative nitrogen balance?
a) glycine.
b) serine.
c) cysteine.
d) leucine.
d) leucine.
Which of the following typically shows improvement more quickly?
a) Iron levels/anemia
b) Body composition
c) Liver enzymes
Iron levels/anemia
which of the following are contributing to malnutrition in cirrhotic patients?
a. Hypermetabolism
b. Malabsorption
c. Altered nutrient metabolism
d. Anorexia
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
In a surgical patient’s severe stress is described as?
Tissue damage and hypermetabolism
Ascites is defined as an accumulation of fluid in the?
Abdomen
The major nutritional problem related to the development of ascites is?
Protein deficiency
The condition(s) in liver disease most likely to lead to ascites is?
Portal hypertension
Adequate carbohydrates are important in hepatic encephalopathy because it?
Prevents catabolism of body protein and a rise in ammonia levels
In liver patients, when is lactulose typically prescribed?
High ammonia levels
patient with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C and encephalopathy and other Forget to take 2 doses of lactulose What is best statement for his condition ?
cirrhosis due to hepatitis C related to Hepatitis C infection
is the nervous system disorder brought on by severe liver disease (Ammonia accumulation )
Hepatic encephalopathy
Clinical symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy include?
Confusion and impaired motor function
statements about hepatitis is true?
Chronic hepatitis can progress to cirrhosis
Protein is especially needed in the postoperative recovery period because?
a) It is needed for tissue synthesis
b) It helps to control edema
c) It provides resistance to infection
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding hepatitis A?
a) Hepatitis A is caused by contaminated food
b) Hepatitis A is caused by unsterilized syringe
Hepatitis A is caused by contaminated food
Which form of hepatitis do infect food service workers transmit?y
Hepatitis A
The occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy could be due to?
a) Decrease serum ammonia level with an increase in the ratio of branched chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids
b) Decrease serum urea level with an increase in the ratio of branched chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids
c) Increase serum ammonia level with a decrease in the ratio of aromatic amino acids to branched chain amino acids
d) Increase serum ammonia level with an increase in the ratio of aromatic amino acids to
branched chain amino acids
d) Increase serum ammonia level with an increase in the ratio of aromatic amino acids to branched chain amino acids
liver cirrhosis is caused by which of the following?
a) High carbohydrate diet
b) High fat ingestion
c) Chloroform ingestion
c) Chloroform ingestion
A liver patient with ascites who missed medication for two days and experienced poor intake. What is the likely cause of poor intake? neww A) Increased Fluid Retention
B) Mental Confusion
C) Reduced Appetite
D) Gastrointestinal Distress
B) Mental Confusion
High urea levels in blood are commonly associated with which of the following conditions?
A) Acute Kidney Injury
B) Glomerulonephritis
C) Nephritic Syndrome
D) Chronic Kidney Disease
D) Chronic Kidney Disease
Osteodystrophy is a result of?
Kidney disease
The bone disease osteodystrophy develops because of the kidney’s inability to?
a) Excrete calcium
b) Absorb vitamin D
c) Excrete urea
d) Activate vitamin D
d) Activate vitamin D
Older adults may voluntarily restrict their fluid intake to cope with?
Urinary incontinence
Which of the following complications of chemotherapy involves pain during swallowing?
Odynophagia
In jejunostomy enteral feeding, one of the enteral nutrition access, which is true?
Cannot be used for intermittent or bolus feeding
Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral nutrition for all of the following reasons EXCEPT? a) Lower risk of electrolyte abnormalities
b) Lower risk of refeeding
c) Lower risk of liver disease
d) Improved glycemic control
b) Lower risk of refeeding
Which of the following statements regarding enteral nutrition formulas is TRUE?
b) For acute pancreatitis within 48 hours of hospital admission, jejunal delivery of semielemental formulas is the preferred form of nutrition support.
c) Enteral formulas are formulated to provide adequate micronutrients if caloric requirements are
being met
c) Enteral formulas are formulated to provide adequate micronutrients if caloric requirements are
being met
A 59-year-old female who successfully undergoes a lung transplant is prescribed long-term prednisone treatment. Which of the following is a common complication of prednisone therapy that may require nutritional intervention?
Hyperglycemia
