Mneumonics Flashcards
Signs sickle cell ds
SICKLE Splenomegaly Infection Cholelithiasis Kidney - haematuria Leg ulcer, liver congestion Eye changes
Signs chronic liver ds
ABCDEFGHIJ Asterixis, as cites, ankle edema Bruising, low BP Clubbing Dupytrens Erythema palmar, encephalopathy Foetor Gynaecomastia Hepatosplenomegally Increased parotid Jaundice
Causes massive splenomegaly
MMM
Myelofibrosis
Malaria
CML
Causes thrombocytopenia
PLATELETS Platelet ds; TTP, ITP, DIC Leukaemia Anaemia Trauma Enlarged spleen Liver ds Ethanol Toxins; heparin, aspirin, chemo Sepsis
Signs Polycythaemia rubra Vera
PCRV Plethora, pruritis Cyanosis Ringing in ears Vision blurred
Causes of DIC
CLOTS Cancer Liver ds Trauma Sepsis
Causes hyponatraemia
KILLER Kidney ds Iatrogenic Liver ds Loss fluid; diarrhoea, vomit Endocrine; siADH, hypothyroid, adrenal Reduced cardiac output
ACTH deficiency
ACTH Low ACTH Cortisol low Test synacthen Hypoglycaemia
Causes of siADH
Surgery Iatrogenic, intracranial Acute respiratory Deficient corrisol Hypothyroid
Clinical signs DKA
DKA
Dehydration, drowsy
Ketoacidosis, Kaussmaul, K+
Acetone breath, abdo pain
Causes DKA
5Is Infection Ischaemia Infarction Ignorance Intoxication
Tx DKA
PANICS Potassium Acidosis Normal saline Insulin infusion Catheter, culture Stomach aspiration, subcut heparin
ECG changes Wolf Parkinson white
WPW
Wave delta
PR shortened
Widened QRS
Medical cadioversion, prophylaxis AF
AF
Amiodarone
Flecainide
Causes cardiac arrest
4H 4T Hypovolaemia, hypoxia Hyper/hypokalaemia, hypothermia Tension, thromboembolism, Tamponade, toxin
CXR signs Heart failure
ABCDE Alveolar edema B line Cardiomegaly Dilated upper airway vessels Effusions
Management HF
BAD IV B blocker Ace Diuretic Ionotropes Vasodilators
Drugs affecting AV nodes
Do Block AV Digoxin B blocker Adenosine Verapamil
SE and CI statins
HMG
Hepatoxicity
Myopathy
Girl pregnancy, growing child
Cause of metabolic acidosis
UKSLAMS Uraemia Ketoacidosis Salicylate Lactic acidosis Alcohol Methanol Sepsis
Sx open angle glaucoma
OPEN Optic disc pale Pressure >21mmHg Emerging from disc; vessels appear broken Nasal and superior fields lost first
Sx ALL
ALL
Aching bones, Anaemia,
Lymphadenopathy
Lethargy
Stills ds Sx
STILLS Spiking temps arThralgia Increased liver/ spleen size Lose weight, blood (anaemic) Looks like malignancy Salmon pink rash
Gait abnormalities
PC SHAW Parkinsonism Cerebellar Spastic Hemiplegic Antalgic, ataxic Waddling; proximal myopathy
Change in consciousness
AEIOU TIPS Alcohol Encephalopathy, epilepsy Infx Opioid Uraemia Trauma Insulin Psychosis Syncope
CTG interpretation
DR C BRAVADO
Post partum haemorrhage
4Ts Tone Tissue Trauma Thrombin
Menopause Sx
FSH >20IU/L Flushing Sweats Headaches Insomnia Urge incontinence Libido decreased; vaginal dry
Causes of seizures
GRAND MAL; epilepsy Glucose Raised BP; malignant HTN Anoxia Neuro; infx, Ca Drugs Metabolic; Ca2+, Na Alzheimer's Liver failure
Peripheral neuropathy
ABCDEFGHI Alcohol Vit b 1,6,12 Cancer, connective tissue ds DM, drugs Everything else Friederichs ataxia GB Hereditary peroneal atrophy
Cerebellar ds Sx
DANISHP Dysdiado Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Spurred speach Hypotonia Past pointing
Causes gastroenteritis
LESS GERMS Listeria E. coli S aureus Salmonella, shigella Giardia Entamoeba histolytica Rotavirus Mushrooms
Complication P faliciparum malaria
MALARIA Metabolic acidosis Anaemia Lungs; p edema Altered consciousness Reduced glucose ARF from ATN
Migraine triggers
CHOCOLATES Cheese OCP Caffeine alchOL Travel Exercise Sleep disturbance
PD Sx
4Ss Slow Shaking Stiff Stooped
Complications PD
4Ds Depression Dementia Autonomic dysfunction Death; pneumonia, PE
Delirium dx
Consciousness DIPPS Clouding consciousness \+2: Disoriented Incoherent speech Perceptual change Psychomotor change Sleep affected
Cortex v medulla
Cortex - centre
Medulla - middle
CKD tx
ABCDE Anaemia BP, bone Calcium Drugs/ diet; renal diet (low protein) Edema; diuretics
Polyarteritis nodosa Sx
PAN
Proteinuria/ Pericarditis
Aneurysms/ abdo pain/ arthralgia
Necrotising vasculitis
Dialysis indications
AEIOU Acidosis Electrolytes Intoxication Overload Uraemia
Problems
Haemodialysis
V
Peritoneal dialysis
HD Hypotension Dysequilibrium syndrome V PD Peritonism Decrease efficiency
Pneumonia grading
CURB65
Confusion
Urea >7
RR>30
TB management
RIPE Rifampicin Isoniazid Pryrazinamide Ethambutol
Rifampicin SE
Pissin orange
OA X-ray changes
LOSS Loss joint space Osteophytes Subchondral cyst Subchondral sclerosis
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies
CRAP Crohns Reactive AS Psoriasis
Retro peritoneal structures
PACKED Pancreas Aorta, IVC Colon/ rectum Kidneys Esophagus Duodenum
Post op pyrexia
5Ws Wind Wound Water Walk - DVT Wonder where abscess etc
Causes pancreatitis
IGETSMASHED Idiopathic Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion Hyperlipidaemia ERCP Drugs
Pancreatitis grading
Modified Glasgow score PaO2 55 No >15 Ca < 2 Renal - urea >16 Enzymes - LDH >600 Albumin < 32 Sugar >10
Severe pancreatitis
> 3 modified Glasgow score
Complications gastrectomy
3Ds
Dumping
Diarrhoea
Deficient diet; vitamins
Limb Ischaemia; Sx
Pulseless, pale, perishingly cold
Pain, paraesthesia, paralysis
Lateral rotators of thigh
PGOGOQ
Piriformis, gemellus s, obturator i, gemullus i, obturator e, quadratus
Perineal
v
peroneal
Perineal; in between legs
v
Peroneal, on legs
Median nerve muscles Innervated
Hand; LOAF
Tx soft tissue injuries
RICE Rest Ice Compression Elevation
Lipids biochemistry results
54321
Total lipid 1
P450 inducers
CRAP GPS induce me to madness Carbemazepine Rifampicin Alcohol; chronic Phenytoin Griseofulvin Phenobarbitone Sulphonylureas
P450 inhibitors
SICK FACES. COM Sodium valproate Isoniazid Cimetidine Ketoconazole Fluconazole Alcohol; binge Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Sulfonamides Ciprofloxacin Omeprazole Metronidazole Grapefruit juice
Causes of raised prolactin
5 Ps Pregnancy Prolactinoma Physiological PCOS Primary hypothyroidism Phenothiazine, Metoclopramide, domoeridone
ABG
Pt on oxygen?
Rule of 19
If pO2 + pCO2 > 19 : pt on oxygen
Hypokalaemia ECG change
U have no Pot and no T
But a long PR and a long QT