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00 F1 Endo Flashcards

1
Q

HCO3- normal values

A

24-30

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2
Q

Hypophophataemia
Modest v severe
Range and tx

A

Modest : 0.4-0.75
— Sandophos TT TDS
Severe :

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3
Q

Hypophosphataemia

Sx

A

ATP and CNS
Myopathy
Seizures
Paraesthesia

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4
Q

Equivalent doses steroids

A

Dex: 2
Pred: 20
Hydrocortisone: 100

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5
Q

Consider addisons if Morning cortisol in hospital under x

A

Under 400

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6
Q

Sick days on addisons

A

Double steroid dose

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7
Q

Hypoglycaemia

Severity levels

A

Hypoglycaemia

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8
Q

Hyponatraemia severity

A

Mild 130-135
Moderate 120-130
Severe

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9
Q

Classify hyponatraemia

A

Volume status
And
Urinary sodium : inappropriate? Addisons, diuretic, renal ds, hypothyroid, siADH

? Pseudo hyponatraemia

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10
Q

Pseudo hyponatraemia

A

Glucose
Lipid
Para protein

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11
Q

Signs fluid status

A 
CRT
Skin turgor
BP - lying standing
JVP
Mucus membranes - thirst 
HS
Edema / ascites
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12
Q

Urinary sodium in

Hyponatraemia

A

Appropriate 20

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13
Q

pCO2 normal values

A

4.5-6 kpa

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14
Q

Tx addisonian crises

A

100mg hydrocortisone

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15
Q

Low TSH, normal T4

A

Sub clinical thyrotoxicosis

Excessive thyroxine replacement

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16
Q

Low T4, low/normal TSH

A

Sick euthyroid

- starvation, severe illness

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17
Q

MEN1

A

PPP
Parathyroid
Pancreas
Pituitary

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18
Q

MEN2

A

PTP
Parathyroid
Thyroid
Phaeochromocytoma

B + marfinoid

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19
Q

Contents cavernous sinus

A

CN 3-6
V ophthalmic division only
Internal carotid artery

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20
Q

Causes Cushing syndrome

A

Steroids
Pituitary adenoma
Ectopic ACTH
Adrenal Ca

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21
Q

Dex suppression outcomes

A

Full suppression - physiological
Some - pituitary
No - ectopic ACTH or adrenal Ca

22
Q

Causes addisons ds

A

Autoimmune
Malignancy
TB
Infarction - post meningitis

23
Q

DM complications

A 
Microvascular
- eye, kidney, nerves
Macro
- IHD, CVA, PVD
Infx
Skin and MSK
24
Q

DM neuropathy Sx

A 
Pain
Postural hypotension
Gastro paresis
Diarrhoea, constipation
Incontinence x2
Impotence
25
Q

DM amyotrophy Sx

A

Painful weakness

Wasting quadriceps

26
Q

Tx addisonian crises

A

100mg hydrocortisone

27
Q

Low TSH, normal T4

A

Sub clinical thyrotoxicosis

Excessive thyroxine replacement

28
Q

Low T4, low/normal TSH

A

Sick euthyroid

- starvation, severe illness

29
Q

MEN1

A

PPP
Parathyroid
Pancreas
Pituitary

30
Q

MEN2

A

PTP
Parathyroid
Thyroid
Phaeochromocytoma

B + marfinoid

31
Q

Contents cavernous sinus

A

CN 3-6
V ophthalmic division only
Internal carotid artery

32
Q

Causes Cushing syndrome

A

Steroids
Pituitary adenoma
Ectopic ACTH
Adrenal Ca

33
Q

Dex suppression outcomes

A

Full suppression - physiological
Some - pituitary
No - ectopic ACTH or adrenal Ca

34
Q

Causes addisons ds

A

Autoimmune
Malignancy
TB
Infarction - post meningitis

35
Q

DM complications

A 
Microvascular
- eye, kidney, nerves
Macro
- IHD, CVA, PVD
Infx
Skin and MSK
36
Q

DM neuropathy Sx

A 
Pain
Postural hypotension
Gastro paresis
Diarrhoea, constipation
Incontinence x2
Impotence
37
Q

DM amyotrophy Sx

A

Painful weakness

Wasting quadriceps

38
Q

Unexplained weight loss

A

Good appetite
- DM, thyrotoxicosis, malabsorption (coeliac)
Poor appetite
- ca, chronic ds, anaemia, psych

39
Q

Causes Obesity

A

Overeating
Cushings
Hypothyroid

40
Q

Thready pulse

A

Rapid low volume

Dehydration

41
Q

Causes bradycardia

A

B blocker
Heart block
Hypothyroid
Raised ICP

42
Q

Causes of Bigeminy or trigeminy

A

Digoxin toxicity

43
Q

Pulsus alternans

44
Q

Endocrine causes HTN

A

Cushings
Conns
Phaechromocytoma
Acromegaly

45
Q

Types shock

A

Hypovolaemia
Cardiogenic
Septic
Neurogenic

46
Q

Causes of Raised JVP

A 
Overload
R HF
Arrhythmia
Pericardial ds
Jugular vein ob
47
Q

Gallop rhythm

A

S3+S4

Severe HF

48
Q

Severity HF : extra HS

A

S3 - HF

S3+S4 - severe HF

49
Q

Comp infx endocarditis

A

Embolic
Mycotic aneurysm
Rupture of valve causing HF

50
Q

Stop statin if ALT >

A

> 3x Upper limit

~150

Medicine (20 decks)

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