[MND] Cognition & Perception Flashcards
What is the requirement for attention?
‘Arousal’
Attention is
Selecting and focusing on relevant incoming stimuli in the environment
What are the 2 types of attention?
1) Spatial Attention
2) Attention in Action & Behaviour
Spatial attention is dominant in the ______ hemisphere
right
Where in the brain mainly is ‘spatial representation and processing spatial information’?
Right parietal lobe
In terms of severity, spatial attention deficits can range from
Mild inattention (reduced attention sometimes, i.e. in complex situations) to neglect (never responds to stimuli on affected side/environment)
What are the theories of unilateral neglect?
1) Attentional system is out of balance (unaffected cortex over-rides the affected cortex)
2) Person may lose representation of the left space (person no longer has knowledge it exists)
Define unilateral neglect
Patients fails to attend or respond to meaningful stimuli on the affected side of the body or environment that side. This failure cannot be explained by sensory or motor deficits.
Motor neglect is an observed behaviour and is when
The person doesn’t spontaneously use the affected limb in bi-manual tasks and can’t be explained by sensory or motor deficits
Extinction is an observed behaviour when testing people who have neglect. This refers to:
A person identifying stimuli presented on each side separately.
When provided stimuli on both sides simultaneously fails to attend to stimulus on affected side
A person may show varying degrees of unilateral neglect ranging from
mild inattention to neglect
The Catherine Bergego Scale is a
Functional test to assess inattention/unilateral neglect
What are three simple tests to assess inattention/neglect?
1) Star Cancellation Test
2) Figure & Shape Copying Tests
3) Drawing Tests (i.e. drawing a clock)
Briefly, what are the 7 ways to treat spatial inattention/neglect?
1) modify environment
2) visual scanning training
3) eye patching
4) trunk rotation
5) limb activation
6) task related training
7) mirror therapy
Attention in action and behaviour refers to
Staying on task despite distractions
Perception is defined as
The process of turning sensory information into meaningful representations which are used to interact with the environment
Perception is a cognitive function that takes place in
the association areas of the parietal, temporal & occipital lobes
The ______ hemisphere is dominant for perception because of its role in spatial and mental representation
Right
What happens in perceptual disorders?
Patient has impaired recognition or impaired spatial appreciation of stimuli despite the fact that sensory input is intact
Visual perception deficits cause confusion in:
- Spatial Relations ( how objects around us relate to each other and to ourselves)
- Geographical Orientation (finding our way in familiar and new environments
- Figure ground discrimination and depth perception (distinguishing objects in the foreground from their background)
- Recognising objects
Apraxia refers to:
unable to execute a voluntary act
Ideomotor apraxia is a motor _____
motor planning problem
Unable to carry out the action successfully when instructed can be referred to as
Ideomotor Apraxia
People with Ideomotor Apraxia may have less problems with
Routine/automatic tasks, especially in a familiar environment
What are some screening tests for ideomotor apraxia?
Gesture (show me how u would wave goodbye)
Copying the tester)
Performing Task on Demand (i.e. serial task)
Functional Task
