MLT 125 Exam IV Flashcards
Which blood group system is associated with resistance to malaria?
Duffy
P. vivax, P. knowleri
Which antibodies are considered cold agglutinins?
M,N,I,P
Which autoantibody specificity is associated with Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria and what test that was discussed in lecture is used to detect it?
autoanti-P
Donath-Landsteiner
Which antigens are destroyed by enzymes and which are enhanced by enzymes?
Destroyed; Duffy, M, N, S
Enhanced; Kidd, Rh, Lewis, I, i, P
What procedure might help you distinguish between an anti-Fyᵃ and an anti-Jkᵃ?
ficin treated panel
Jk’a enhanced, Fy’a destroyed
Which blood group is produced in the tissues?
Lewis
What is the McLeod phenotype?
absence of Kx antigen
Which of the antibodies from the other blood group systems discussed for this exam require the antiglobulin test (AHG) for in vitro detection?
Kidd Kell Duffy M,N - all phases S, s Lutheran
What is the rarest phenotype of the Lutheran system?
Lu(a-b-)
Which antigen is X-linked?
Xg’a
Which antibody is often found in patients with infectious mono, lymphoproliferative disease, and cold agglutinins?
anti-i
Which antibodies are known for causing delayed HTR?
Kidd
Fy(a-b-) is found primarily in what type of population?
68% african americans
FyFy, malarial resistant
Which antigen is found primarily in South Central and North American Indians and Asians?
Di’a
Diego
Which blood group systems are known for showing dosage
M, N, Duffy, Rh, Kidd, S
What is the most common antibody seen in the BB besides ABO and Rh antibodies
anti-K
Which blood group antigen increases in strength as a newborn grows older?
i increases to I
Can a patient with blood group Ss be immunized by genotype SS, Ss, or ss?
No, inherited each gene
Which antigens are actually WBC antigens that are expressed in variable degrees on red blood cells and can cause confusing reactions in serological test?
Bg
Which antigens are well-developed at birth, susceptible to enzymes, and generally saline reactive?
M, N
Name 3 most common antibodies that most likely to react at 37◦C?
anti-D
anti-E
anti-K
What is the most practical manner for preventing transmission of malaria by blood transfusion?
don’t accept blood from donor from endemic malarial area
List the reasons a prospective donor might be permanently rejected for donation of blood products.
AIDS
Hepatitis
IV drug users
List the reasons a prospective donor might be temporarily deferred and for how long.
12 months
tattoo
piercing
vaccines
6 months
pregnancy
miscarriage
Can unused autologous be placed in the general supply and used for another patient other than who it was intended?
NO
different criteria/screening requirements
Explain the difference between plasmapheresis, cytapheresis, and plateletpheresis.
remove plasma-separation
collection of cells
remove platelets - separation
Explain the significance of why donor units should be tested for a weak D antigen.
weak D is Rh positive; cannot donate Rh pos to Rh neg recipient
What are the two terms used to refer to AHG that contains both anti-complement and anti-IgG?
broad spectrum
polyspecific
A transfusion that replaces approximately a patient’s blood volume within a 24 hour period is called what kind of transfusion?
massive transfusion
When a physician signs an order for uncrossmatched blood and accepts full responsibility for the transfusion of such products, this is referred to as _________________ ________________?
emergency release
Why are homozygous cells used for “ruling out”?
dosage-showing antibody
Why should a patient’s serum/plasma for compatibility testing be stored?
in case of any concern; transfusion reactions, misidentified patient
Leukocyte antibodies are usually responsible for what type of transfusion reaction?
Febrile
Which blood bank test detects in vitro sensitization?
IAT
Explain how the shelf life for blood is determined.
70% viability after transfusion; usually within 24 hours
What is the purpose of the albumin/LISS portion of an antibody screen or crossmatch?
to detect IgG abtibodies
A positive DAT would give you what kind of information on the patient?
RBC’s are coated with gamma and/or beta globulins
A patient that has had multiple transfusions is most likely to have what type of transfusion reaction?
Febrile
What does CPDA stand for? What is the shelf life of a unit of blood with CPDA-1 as the anticoagulant? What is the shelf life of as unit with the additive AS-1?
Citrate phosphate dextrose adenine
35 days
42 days
How often should a new recipient sample be collected if a series of transfusions are to be administered over a period of several days?
3 days
Incomplete antibodies are usually Ig___?
IgG
blocking
What does it mean to perform a major crossmatch?
donor cells and recipients plasma are tested for compatibility
Cells are “washed” how many times in an antibody screen? What is the purpose of doing this?
3 times
prevent neutralization of AHG by the globulins
What is therapeutic phlebotomy and why is it used? Give two diseases or conditions in which this might be used.
blood letting; remove blood from pt with certain conditions
polycythemia
hemochromatosis
porphyrias
What type of transfusion is it when a recipient serves as his/her own donor?
autologous
What is the “three in, three out” rule? Why is this used?
when doing Ab panels and you suspect a specific Ag, pick 3 bottles of cells that are pos for the Ag and 3 bottles that are neg, then test against the plasma
to confirm ID of Ab
Explain an antibody screen: why and when is it done, what are the stages of the screen, what happens if it is positive, and why is there a control?
Done prior to transfusion to detect clinically significant Ab’s
IS, 37, AHG, CC
if positive run Ab panel
AC, detects in vivo sensitization
Explain TRALI.
Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury
caused by leukocyte Ab in plasma that leak into lungs; leading cause of transfusion related deaths
What is a directed or specific donation?
blood intended for specific recipient
Anti-Dia
Diego
Anti-Sc2
Scianna
Anti-Xga
Xg
Anti-Cob
Colton
Anti-Ch3
Chodo rogers
Anti-Ge3
Gerbich
If you do an antibody panel and all cells are positive, including the control, what should be the first thing you should think of may be causing the problem?
Warm or Cold autoAb
1-6 degree Celsius
