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MLT 125-Immunohematology > MLT 125 Exam IV > Flashcards

MLT 125 Exam IV Flashcards

1
Q

Which blood group system is associated with resistance to malaria?

A

Duffy

P. vivax, P. knowleri

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2
Q

Which antibodies are considered cold agglutinins?

A

M,N,I,P

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3
Q

Which autoantibody specificity is associated with Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria and what test that was discussed in lecture is used to detect it?

A

autoanti-P

Donath-Landsteiner

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4
Q

Which antigens are destroyed by enzymes and which are enhanced by enzymes?

A

Destroyed; Duffy, M, N, S

Enhanced; Kidd, Rh, Lewis, I, i, P

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5
Q

What procedure might help you distinguish between an anti-Fyᵃ and an anti-Jkᵃ?

A

ficin treated panel

Jk’a enhanced, Fy’a destroyed

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6
Q

Which blood group is produced in the tissues?

A

Lewis

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7
Q

What is the McLeod phenotype?

A

absence of Kx antigen

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8
Q

Which of the antibodies from the other blood group systems discussed for this exam require the antiglobulin test (AHG) for in vitro detection?

A 
Kidd
Kell
Duffy
M,N - all phases
S, s
Lutheran
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9
Q

What is the rarest phenotype of the Lutheran system?

A

Lu(a-b-)

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10
Q

Which antigen is X-linked?

A

Xg’a

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11
Q

Which antibody is often found in patients with infectious mono, lymphoproliferative disease, and cold agglutinins?

A

anti-i

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12
Q

Which antibodies are known for causing delayed HTR?

A

Kidd

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13
Q

Fy(a-b-) is found primarily in what type of population?

A

68% african americans

FyFy, malarial resistant

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14
Q

Which antigen is found primarily in South Central and North American Indians and Asians?

A

Di’a

Diego

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15
Q

Which blood group systems are known for showing dosage

A

M, N, Duffy, Rh, Kidd, S

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16
Q

What is the most common antibody seen in the BB besides ABO and Rh antibodies

A

anti-K

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17
Q

Which blood group antigen increases in strength as a newborn grows older?

A

i increases to I

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18
Q

Can a patient with blood group Ss be immunized by genotype SS, Ss, or ss?

A

No, inherited each gene

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19
Q

Which antigens are actually WBC antigens that are expressed in variable degrees on red blood cells and can cause confusing reactions in serological test?

A

Bg

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20
Q

Which antigens are well-developed at birth, susceptible to enzymes, and generally saline reactive?

A

M, N

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21
Q

Name 3 most common antibodies that most likely to react at 37◦C?

A

anti-D
anti-E
anti-K

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22
Q

What is the most practical manner for preventing transmission of malaria by blood transfusion?

A

don’t accept blood from donor from endemic malarial area

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23
Q

List the reasons a prospective donor might be permanently rejected for donation of blood products.

A

AIDS
Hepatitis
IV drug users

24
Q

List the reasons a prospective donor might be temporarily deferred and for how long.

A

12 months
tattoo
piercing
vaccines

6 months
pregnancy
miscarriage

25
Q

Can unused autologous be placed in the general supply and used for another patient other than who it was intended?

A

NO

different criteria/screening requirements

26
Q

Explain the difference between plasmapheresis, cytapheresis, and plateletpheresis.

A

remove plasma-separation
collection of cells
remove platelets - separation

27
Q

Explain the significance of why donor units should be tested for a weak D antigen.

A

weak D is Rh positive; cannot donate Rh pos to Rh neg recipient

28
Q

What are the two terms used to refer to AHG that contains both anti-complement and anti-IgG?

A

broad spectrum

polyspecific

29
Q

A transfusion that replaces approximately a patient’s blood volume within a 24 hour period is called what kind of transfusion?

A

massive transfusion

30
Q

When a physician signs an order for uncrossmatched blood and accepts full responsibility for the transfusion of such products, this is referred to as _________________ ________________?

A

emergency release

31
Q

Why are homozygous cells used for “ruling out”?

A

dosage-showing antibody

32
Q

Why should a patient’s serum/plasma for compatibility testing be stored?

A

in case of any concern; transfusion reactions, misidentified patient

33
Q

Leukocyte antibodies are usually responsible for what type of transfusion reaction?

A

Febrile

34
Q

Which blood bank test detects in vitro sensitization?

A

IAT

35
Q

Explain how the shelf life for blood is determined.

A

70% viability after transfusion; usually within 24 hours

36
Q

What is the purpose of the albumin/LISS portion of an antibody screen or crossmatch?

A

to detect IgG abtibodies

37
Q

A positive DAT would give you what kind of information on the patient?

A

RBC’s are coated with gamma and/or beta globulins

38
Q

A patient that has had multiple transfusions is most likely to have what type of transfusion reaction?

A

Febrile

39
Q

What does CPDA stand for? What is the shelf life of a unit of blood with CPDA-1 as the anticoagulant? What is the shelf life of as unit with the additive AS-1?

A

Citrate phosphate dextrose adenine
35 days
42 days

40
Q

How often should a new recipient sample be collected if a series of transfusions are to be administered over a period of several days?

A

3 days

41
Q

Incomplete antibodies are usually Ig___?

A

IgG

blocking

42
Q

What does it mean to perform a major crossmatch?

A

donor cells and recipients plasma are tested for compatibility

43
Q

Cells are “washed” how many times in an antibody screen? What is the purpose of doing this?

A

3 times

prevent neutralization of AHG by the globulins

44
Q

What is therapeutic phlebotomy and why is it used? Give two diseases or conditions in which this might be used.

A

blood letting; remove blood from pt with certain conditions

polycythemia
hemochromatosis
porphyrias

45
Q

What type of transfusion is it when a recipient serves as his/her own donor?

A

autologous

46
Q

What is the “three in, three out” rule? Why is this used?

A

when doing Ab panels and you suspect a specific Ag, pick 3 bottles of cells that are pos for the Ag and 3 bottles that are neg, then test against the plasma

to confirm ID of Ab

47
Q

Explain an antibody screen: why and when is it done, what are the stages of the screen, what happens if it is positive, and why is there a control?

A

Done prior to transfusion to detect clinically significant Ab’s
IS, 37, AHG, CC
if positive run Ab panel
AC, detects in vivo sensitization

48
Q

Explain TRALI.

A

Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury

caused by leukocyte Ab in plasma that leak into lungs; leading cause of transfusion related deaths

49
Q

What is a directed or specific donation?

A

blood intended for specific recipient

50
Q

Anti-Dia

A

Diego

51
Q

Anti-Sc2

A

Scianna

52
Q

Anti-Xga

A

Xg

53
Q

Anti-Cob

A

Colton

54
Q

Anti-Ch3

A

Chodo rogers

55
Q

Anti-Ge3

A

Gerbich

56
Q

If you do an antibody panel and all cells are positive, including the control, what should be the first thing you should think of may be causing the problem?

A

Warm or Cold autoAb

1-6 degree Celsius

MLT 125-Immunohematology (6 decks)

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