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mktg 465 final 06 sampling Flashcards

1
Q

any complete group with a specific characteristic

A

population

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2
Q

complete group of individuals or things from whom information is needed to meet the objectives of the study

A

marketing research population

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3
Q

a list of elements of the population from which the sample may be drawn

A

sample frame

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4
Q

inclusion/exclusion of a subset of individuals without/with unique characteristics of interest

A

sampling frame error

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5
Q

single element or groups of elements subject to selection in the sample

A

sample units

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6
Q

if budget is small (sample or census)

A

sample

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7
Q

if sampling errors are low (sample or census)

A

sample

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8
Q

if population variance is large (sample or census)

A

census

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9
Q

if population size is large (sample or census)

A

sample

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10
Q

if the nature of measurement is nondestructive (sample or census)

A

census

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11
Q

if the time available is long (sample or census)

A

census

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12
Q

if sampling errors are high (sample or census)

A

census

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13
Q

if budget is large (sample or census)

A

census

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14
Q

if time available is short (sample or census)

A

sample

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15
Q

if population variance is small(sample or census)

A

sample

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16
Q

if population size is small (sample or census)

A

census

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17
Q

if the nature of measurement is destructive (sample or census)

A

sample

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18
Q

samples in which every element of the population has a known, non-zero probability of selection

A

probability sampling

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19
Q

what are the advantages of probability sampling?

A
  • sample error can be computed
  • the results can be projected to the whole population
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20
Q

what are the disadvantages of probability sampling?

A

expense and time required to design and execute

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21
Q

what are the 4 probability sampling methods?

A
  • simple random sampling
  • systematic sampling
  • stratified sampling
  • cluster sampling
22
Q

random sampling from mutually exclusive and exhaustive subgroups

A

stratified sampling

23
Q

what are the problems with stratified sampling?

A
  • information to stratify not readily available
  • proportional/disproportional sampling
24
Q

random selection from all elements in the population

A

simple random sampling

25
Q

what are the issues with simple random sampling

A
  • construction of a representative sampling frame
  • disproportionate subgroups
26
Q

every nth element (skip interval) from the list following a random starting point

A

systematic sampling

27
Q

what is the issue with systematic sampling?

A
  • covers the entire sample frame
  • possible bias from hidden patterns
28
Q

random selection of a mutually exclusive group or cluster of elements

A

cluster sampling

29
Q

what is the only method without names involved

A

cluster sampling

30
Q

selection of specific elements from the population in a non-random manor

A

non-probability sampling

31
Q

what are the 2 advantages to non-probability sampling?

A
  • cost
  • time
32
Q

what are the 2 disadvantages to non-probability sampling?

A
  • sampling error cannot be computed
  • the degree to which the sample is representative of the population is unknown
33
Q

what are the 4 types of non-probability sampling methods?

A

convenience sampling, judgement sampling, quota sampling, snowball sampling

34
Q

samples in which selection of additional respondents is based on referrals from the initial respondents

A

snowball sampling

35
Q

what are the issues with snowball sampling?

A

low-incidence or rare population, subject to the willingness of respondents to provide referrals

36
Q

samples in which quotas are established for mutually exclusive population subgroups

A

quota sampling

37
Q

what is the issue with quota sampling?

A

favors those most easily found

38
Q

sampling the people that are most available

A

convenience sampling

39
Q

what is the issue with convenience sampling?

A

potential for selection bias

40
Q

selection criteria based on judgement that the element is representative of the population under study

A

judgement sampling

41
Q

what is the issue with judgement sampling?

A

subject to the personal judgement of the researcher

42
Q

the formula for sample size for a proportion? when looking for how many people or need to be surveyed

A

n= (z^2(pq))/e^2

43
Q

for sample size for a proportion, what is n?

A

sample size

44
Q

for sample size for a proportion, what is z?

A

confidence level, always 1.96

45
Q

for sample size for a proportion, what is e?

A

maximum allowance for error

46
Q

for sample size for a proportion, what is pq?

A

estimated proportion with specified characteristic, always (0.5*0.5)

47
Q

what is the formula for adjusting based on sample size?

A

nā€™= nN/(N+n-1)

48
Q

what is nā€™ for population and sample size

A

revised sample size

49
Q

what is n for population and sample size

A

original sample size

50
Q

what is N for population and sample size

A

population size

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