Mixtures and Solutions Flashcards
What can adding a solute to a solvent do to its melting and boiling points?
It can lower the melting point, and raise the boiling point.
Note the lowered melting point causes ice to melt at a lower temperature, it does not make the ice warmer.
What are the three ways that something dissolves?
Dissociation- An ionic compound is torn apart piece by piece by the solvent.
Dispersion- A molecular compound is broken into small pieces and scattered through the solvent.
Ionization- An ionic compound forms new ions with the solution.
How can making a solution change the physical properties of that solution?
Raise Boiling Point, Lower Melting Point, Potentially Make the Solution more Conductive, Could potentially make the solution warmer or colder depending on the ions in the solute.
What factors influence how well a solute will dissolve into a solvent?
How do you get you Hot Chocolate to be more chocolatey without making it clumpy?
Surface Area, Stirring, Temperature
What happens when a solution becomes saturated?
The solution cannot accept anymore solute at the current pressure and temperature.
How does a solution become supersaturated?
A solution has a concentration of solute that is higher than the saturation point.
Create the solution at a higher temperature, and then slowly bring down the temperature.
Super saturated solutions can quickly “dump” there solute as well.
How do you calculate the Molarity (M) of a solution?
Divide the moles of solute by the Liters of solution.
What is special about an acid reacting with something else?
An acid exchanges a hydrogen cation, or a proton.
The strength of an acid is partially determined by the number of hydrogens that it can donate per molecule.
What is the range of the pH scale?
On what side would you put an acid, and on what side would you put a base.
The pH scale runs from 1-14
The strongest acid is 1 and the strongest base is 14. Distilled water is about 7.
What is an electrolyte?
A substance that ionizes almost completely in water, and allows the resulting solution to conduct electricity.
