Mixture Flashcards
Occlusion of which cerebral artery would cause personality changes
Anterior
Symtpoms of MCA stroke
Aphasiaheadachehemiplegiaweakness+others
DEXA scan results for osteoporosis
Normal >-1Osteopenia -1-2.5osteoporosis < -2.5
Polypharmacy definition
the concurrent use of multiple medications by a patient (~5)
What is overflow incontinence
Inability to completely empty bladder
rf for overactive bladder
high caffeinealcoholsome medicines
What is a total anterior circulation stroke
affects parts of brain supplied by anterior and middle cerebral arteries
Presentation of total anterior circulation stroke
unilateral weakness of face arm and leghigh cerebral dysfunctionhomonymous hemianopia
Horner’s syndrome presentation
unilateral anhidrosis (abscnece of sweating on face)enophthalmos (inset eye)miosis (constricted pupil)and ptosisAlways remember lung apical (Pancoast) tumour compressing the sympathetic chain
What is mydriasis
dilated pupil
What is the medication for MND
riluzole (only one)
what is the first-line drug for Alzheimers
donezepil (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) or rivastigmine
What is the drug of choice for severe ALzheimers
memantine
What is the treatment of choice for trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine(else - lamotrigine, gabapentin, phenytoin)
triggers of migraine
ChocolateHangoverOrgasmCheeseOral contraceptieLie insAlcoholTumultExerciseOthers: periods, injury, bright lights/boises, huger, smoking
First line prevention of migraine
topiramate OR propranolollook for contraindications in stemtopiramate = teratogenicpropranolol = x asthma
What s corticobasal degenereation
Parkinson plus syndromeHas alien hand syndrome (limbs moving on own)+apraxia +aphasia
What is progressive supranuclear palsy
Parkinson plus syndromesupranucear opthalmoplegia (initially cant look down, then cant look left and right)neck dystonia, balance issues and cognitive impairment
Action of ropinirole
Activates dopamine receptors to mimic the action of dopamine (alternative to L-dopa)
What can be used for meningitis close contact prophylaxis
oral ciprofloxacin or rifampicin.
Criteria for orthostatic hypotension
A drop in blood pressure of at least 20 systolic or 10 diastolic within 3 minutes of standing
aortic dissection presentation
10/10 pain in centre of chest or back, radiating to neck/jaw and spreading caudally. Receding pain. Sweaty, weak left sided pulse
Features of PE o ECG
ST depression or sinus tachycaria
Signs of PE on CXR
Fleischner sign (dilated central pulmonary vessel)Westermark sign (collapse of vasculature distal to PE)Hampton’s hump (wedge shaped infarct