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1
Q

Is a type of microscope that contains more than one magnifying lens.

A

Compound microscope

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2
Q

Compound microscope can magnify objects approximately a _____ times their original size.

A

Thousand

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3
Q

The main source of illumination of the compound microscope

A

Visible light

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4
Q

Compound microscope is also known as

A

Compound light microscope

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5
Q

The _____ contains what is called the ocular lens that has a magnifying power of ___x

A

Eyepiece, 10

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6
Q

This is the top most part of the microscope; the lens through which the viewer looks to see the specimen.

A

Ocular lens or eyepiece

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7
Q

Located above the stage it holds the objective lenses

A

Revolving nosepiece

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8
Q

Used to change focus on one eyepiece in order to correct any difference in vision between the two eyes.

A

Diopter adjustment

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9
Q

It connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses

A

Body tube

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10
Q

Connects the body tube to the base of the microscope

A

Arm

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11
Q

Brings the specimen into general focus.

A

Course adjustment knob

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12
Q

It fine-tunes the focus and increases the details of the specimen.

A

Fine adjustment knob

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13
Q

Place above the stage by the revolving nose. Contains three to five objectives ranging in power from _____x to _____x

A

Objective lenses, 4, 100

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14
Q

Located beneath the revolving nosepiece it is the flat platform on which the specimen is placed

A

Stage

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15
Q

Situated above the stage these are metal clips that hold the side in place.

A

Stage clips

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16
Q

Found beneath the stage these knobs move the stage either left or right or forward and backward.

A

Stage control

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17
Q

The hole in the middle of the stage that allows light from the illuminator to reach the slide containing the specim.

A

Aperture

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18
Q

This is the switch located at the base of the microscope that turns the eliminator on or off

A

On/off switch

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19
Q

Light source of the microscope

A

Illuminator

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20
Q

Found on the condenser used to adjust the amount of light coming through the condenser

A

Iris diaphragm

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21
Q

Found beneath the stage and contains a land system that focuses light onto the specimen. It gathers and focuses light onto the specimen.

A

Condenser

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22
Q

Supports the microscope and it is where the illuminator is found

A

Base

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23
Q

It is made up of a series of lenses and utilizing visible light as its source of illumination.

A

Brightfield microscope

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24
Q

The bright field microscope can magnify an object _____ to ____ times.

A

1000, 1500

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25
Q

Brightfield microscope is used to visualize _____ and _____

A

Bacteria and fungi

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26
Q

Objects smaller than or thinner than ____ um cannot be visualized by bright field microscope.

A

0.2

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27
Q

This microscope utilizes reflected light instead of transmitted light, with a special condenser that has an opaque disc that blocks the light, such that only the specimen is illuminated.

A

Dark field microscope

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28
Q

This type of microscope is ideal for studying specimens that are unstained or transparent and absorb little or no light.

A

Dark field microscope

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29
Q

A microscope that is based on the principle that differences in refractive indices and light waves passing through transparent objects assumes different phases.

A

Phase contrast microscope

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30
Q

A dutch physicist that introduced phase contrast microscope.

A

Frits Zernike (1934)

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31
Q

The phase contrast microscope has a _______ optical technique in order to produce high contrast images of specimens that are transparent.

A

Contrast enhancing

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32
Q

This microscope is similar to the phase contrast microscope except that it utilizes two beams of light instead of one and therefore has higher resolution.

A

Differential interference contrast microscope

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33
Q

The differential interference contrast microscope was developed by _______

A

Georges Nomarski (1952)

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34
Q

This microscope is useful in examining living specimens when normal biological process might be inhibited by standard staining procedures.

A

Differential interference contrast microscope

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35
Q

This microscope makes use of ultraviolet light and fluorescent dyes called fluorochromes.

A

Fluorescence microscope

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36
Q

The specimen under study fluorescence are appears to _____against a dark background

A

Shine

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37
Q

This microscope is based on the principle that certain material emit energy that is detectable as visible light when they are irrigated with the light of a given wavelength.

A

Fluorescence microscope

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38
Q

This microscope can be used to visualize structural components of small specimen such as cells and to detect the viability of cell population. It may also be used to visualize the genetic material of cell DNA and RNA

A

Fluorescence microscope

39
Q

This microscope is also known as the confocal laser scanning microscope or laser confocal scanning microscope.

A

Confocal microscope

40
Q

This microscope uses an optical imaging technique that increases optical resolution and contrast of the micrograph by using a spatial pinhole to blackout of focus light in image formation.

A

Confocal microscope

41
Q

This microscope is useful in the study of cell physiology

A

Confocal microscope

42
Q

This microscope utilizes a beam of electrons to create an image of the specimen

A

Electron microscope

43
Q

In the electron microscope that serves as the source of illumination and magnets are used to focus the beam.

A

Electron beams

44
Q

Electron microscope was built by german engineer and physicist _______

A

Ernst Ruska (1933)

45
Q

What are the two types of electron microscopes

A

-transmission electron microscope
-scanning electron microscope

46
Q

_______ is the original form of the electron microscope. Produces two dimensional, black and white images and magnifies objects up to 200,000 times.

A

Transmission electron microscope

47
Q

_______ realize on interactions at the surface rather than transmission. Can magnify bulk samples with greater depth of you so that the image produce represents the 3d structure of the sample. Magnified object 10,000 times.

A

Scanning electron microscope

48
Q

Scanning probe microscope was developed in 1980s by swiss scientist _________ and _______.

A

Scanning probe, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer

49
Q

This microscope is used to study the molecular and atomic shapes of organisms on a nano scale

A

Scanning probe microscope

50
Q

This microscope can be used to determine the variations in temperature inside the cell as well as its chemical properties

A

Scanning probe microscope

51
Q

This procedure are meant to give color to the organisms making them easier to see under the microscope

52
Q

This type of stain make use of a single dye which can either be water based or alcohol based.

A

Simple stains

53
Q

This method of staining is a quick and easy way to visualize cell shape size and arrangement of bacteria

A

Simple stains

54
Q

What are the basic dyes

A

-safranin
-methylene blue
-crystal violet

55
Q

Most bacterial cells and cytoplasm are _____ charged, and since the dye is positively charged it adheres readily to the cell surface enabling the visualization of bacterial cell morphology.

A

Negatively

56
Q

This type of stain are used to differentiate one group of bacteria from another.

A

Differential stains

57
Q

What are the two types of differential staining procedures

A
  1. gram stain
  2. Acid fast stain
58
Q

This type of differential stain distinguishes gram positive bacteria from gram negative bacteria.

A

Gram stain

59
Q

Gram positive bacteria stain ____ or _____

A

Blue or purple

60
Q

Gram negative bacterial stain ____ or _____

A

Red or pink

61
Q

All cocci are gram positive except ______, ______ and ______

A

Neisseria, veilonella, branhamella

62
Q

All bacilli are gram negative except ______, _____, ______ and ______

A

Corynebacteria, clostridium, bacillus, mycobacterium.

63
Q

What is the primary stain

A

Crystal violet

64
Q

What is the grams iodine

65
Q

What is the purpose of acetone or 95% alcohol

A

Decolorizer

66
Q

What is the purpose of safranin

A

Counter stain or secondary stain

67
Q

This type of differential stains used for bacteria with high lipid content in their cell wall, hands cannot be stain using gram stain

A

Acid fast stain

68
Q

What are the two methods in acid fast stain

A
  1. Ziehl-Neelsen stain
  2. Kinyoun stain
69
Q

This method of acid fasting also known as hot method because it requires steam bathing the prepared smear after addition of the primary dye.

A

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

70
Q

This method of acid fast chain also known as the cold method as it does not utilize heat after addition of primary stain which is oil based.

A

Kinyoun stain

71
Q

In the Ziehl-Neelsen stain what color will appear red on the ____ background

72
Q

In kinyoun stain organisms will appear red on a _____ background

73
Q

This stains are used to demonstrate specific structure in a bacterial cell.

A

Special stains

74
Q

A unicellular eukaryotic organism which most of which are microscopic

75
Q

Protozoa are most multiplied by

A

Binary fission

76
Q

Protozoan infections can come from four groups

A

-amebae
-flagellate
-ciliates
-spirizoans

77
Q

The most well known culturing technique

A

Hay infusion

78
Q

Most commonly observed protozoan

A

Paramecium

79
Q

Paramecium is _____l slipper shaped covered with ____

A

Oblong, cilia

80
Q

The green algae uses waste from the paramecium as food and in turn supplies _____ for the paramecium to use

81
Q

One active flagellum, a reddish ice pot and numerous chloroplast.

82
Q

Euglena exhibit both _____ and _____ characteristic

A

Plant, animal

83
Q

Where does euglena thrive best

A

Abundance of rich organic waste

84
Q

Euglena able to greatly distort their body to _______

A

Change direction

85
Q

A very large ciliate measuring from 500 to 2,000 microns long when extended

86
Q

What is the shape of stentor

A

Trumpet shape

87
Q

What is what is the color of Stentor

A

Blue to blue green

88
Q

Stentor uses ____ to sweep down food down into its gullet.

89
Q

Microscopic animals with about 1000 cells common in freshwater throughout the world with a few saltwater species

90
Q

Rotifera means______. They get their name from the corona at the top of their head which is composed of several ciliated tufts around the mouth that when in motion resemble a wheel.

A

Wheel bearer

91
Q

What is the closest relative to the rotifers

A

Acaanthocephala (spiny headed worms)

92
Q

Their cellular contents are enclosed within a cell membrane and their DNA is packaged in nucleus

93
Q

Amoeba contains specialized structure called _______, which perform a range of cellular functions including energy production and protein transport

A

Organelles

Micropara Lab (7 decks)

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