Lec chap 12-13 Flashcards
The study of the occurrence, determinants and distribution of health and disease within healthcare setting
Healthcare epidemiology
What is the primary focus of health care epidemiology
Infection control and prevention of health care associated infection
It is an infectious disease that includes those that erupt within 14 days of hospital discharge
Hospital acquired infectionn (HAI)
An infectious disease either present or incubating at the time of hospital admission
Community acquired infections
An infection that results from medical or surgical treatment
latrogenic infection
The greatest number of death was caused by a disease called
Pneumonia
It is a type mode of transmission which pathogens are transferred from one infected person to another person without a contaminated intermediate object or person
Direct contact transmission
It is a type of mode of transmission that happens when pathogens are transferred via a contaminated intermediate object or person
Indirect contact transmission
A type of mode transmission which carry pathogen transmit infection when they travel from the respiratory tract of an infectious individual to susceptible mucosal surfaces of a recipients
Droplet transmission
A type of mode of transmission that occurs with dissemination of either airborne droplet nuclei or small particles containing pathogens
Airborne transmission
A common type of HAI which is associated in gastrointestinal disease
Clostridium difficile
A type of HAI also referred to as post surgical wound infection
Surgical site infection
The numerous measures taken to prevent infections from occurring in healthcare settings
Infection control
It means without infection that have two types
asepsis
A type of asepsis which precautionary measures necessary to prevent direct transfer of pathogens from person to person and indirect transfer of pathogens through the air or on instruments
Medical asepsis
A type of asepsis or sterile technique that practices used to render and keep objects and areas sterile
Surgical asepsis
It is known as the clean technique
Medical asepsis
It is known as a sterile technique
Surgical asepsis
It’s goal is to exclude pathogens
Medical asepsis
Its goal is to exclude all microbes
Surgical asepsis
Disinfectants that will kill bacterial spores with prolong exposure times which is 3 to 12 hours
Chemical sterilants
It kill all microbes including viruses except large number of bacterial spores
High level disinfectants
It might kill myobacteria, vegetative bacteria, most viruses and most fungi but do not necessary kill bacteria spores
Intermediate level disinfectants
Kill most vegetative bacteria, some fungi and some viruses within 10 minutes of exposure
Low level disinfectants
Surgical instruments cardiac and urinary catheters, implants and ultrasound probes used in sterile body cavities
Critical items
An item contact mucous membranes or non intact skin and require high level disinfection
Semi critical items
Those that come in contact with intact skin but not mucus membrane
Non-critical items
A type of non-critical items such as bed pans,mblood pressure cuffs, crutches and computers
Non-critical patient care items
A type of non critical items such as bedrails, some food utensils, bedside tables, patient furniture, and floors
Non-critical environmental surfaces
To be applied to the care of all patients in all healthcare settings regardless of the suspected or confirm presence of an infectious agent
Standard precaution
It is the most important and most basic technique in preventing and controlling infections and preventing the transmission of pathogen is
Hand washing
It is used for patients who are known or suspected to be infected or colonized with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens for which additional safety precautions beyond standard precautions are required to interrupt transmission within healthcare setting
Transmission based precaution
It is type of transmission based precaution that used for patient known or suspected to be infected and transmitted by direct contact or indirect contact
Contact precaution
A type of transmission based precaution that used whenever a patient has c difficile or neurovirus infection
Contact enteric precaution
Presence of bacteria in the bloodstream is known as
Bacteremia
Is a serious disease characterized by chills, fever, prostration and the presence of bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream
Septicemia
Contamination in urine is reduced by collecting a _____
Clean catch midstream urine (CCMU)
Is a way of estimating the number of variable bacteria that are present in a urine specimen
Colony count
Either 0.01 or 0.001 ml is used to inoculate the entire surface of a blood agar plate
Calibrated loop
Is inflammation or infection of the membranes that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
Meningitis
Is inflammation or infection of the brain
Encephalitis
Is inflammation or infection of both the brain and the meninges
Meningo encephalitis
It is collected by lumbar puncture or spinal top into a sterile tube this is a surgically aseptic procedure performed by a physician
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
It is considered as STAT (emergency) specimen in the
CSF
A pus that accumulates deep within the lungs of a patient with pneumonia tuberculosis or other respiratory tract infection
Sputum
