Bacterial Morphology Flashcards
What are the three shapes of bacteria
- Cocci (round bacteria)
- Bacilli (rod bacteria)
- Curve and spiral shape
What do you call cocci that seen in pairs
Diplococci
What do you call a cocci seen in chains
Streptococci
What do you call cocci scene in clusters
Staphylococci
What do you call a cocci seen in packets of four
Tetrads
What do you call coccus sizing in packets of eight
Octads
What is the average coccus in diameter
1 um
Refer to as rods a short or long thick or thin and pointed or with curve or blunt ends
Bacilli
What do you call a bacilli seen in pairs
Diplobacilli
What do you call a bacillii seen in chains
Streptobacilli
What is the average size of bacillus
1×3 um
Serves to protect bacteria from harsh environmental condition
Envelope structures
What are the two envelope structures
Glycocalyx
cell wall
Made up of polysaccharide or polypeptide which is slimy gelatinous material secreted outside the cell wall
Glycocalyx
What are the two types of glycocalyx
- Slime layer
- Capsule
A type of glycocalyx which is not highly organized and not firmly attached to the cell wall. It enables certain bacteria to glide or slide along solid surfaces.
Slime layer
Produce a slime layer
Pseudomonas
A type of glycocalyx which is highly organized and has antiphagocytic function
Capsules
Rigid exteriors that defines the shape of bacterial cells
Cell wall or murein succulus
Is the bacterial cell wall a chemically complex?
Yes
What is the main constituent of bacterial cell wall
Peptidoglycan
Where can you found peptidoglycan
Only in bacteria
Gram positive have ____ layer of peptidoglycan
Thick
Gram negative have_____ layer of peptidoglycan
Thin
Mycoplasma spp. do not have a cell wall, they are called?
Pleomorphic
Major surface antigens that illicit antibody response that also provides stensile strength
Teichoic acid
What are the gram negative cell wall
- Outer membrane
- Lipoprotein
- Periplasmic space
A bilayered membrane composed of LPS, a special protein channels
Outer membrane
A complex glycolipid for endotoxin
Lipid A
Anchors the outer membrane to the peptidoglycan
Lipoprotein
Fluid filled between outer membrane and the inner membrane
Periplasmic space
Large amounts of waxes is known as
Mycolic acid
In acid fast cell wall, what is the reason for being unstain?
Outermost layer has lipids
Is a thread like protein appendages for motility
Flagella
The number and arrangement of flagella is for _____ and _____ purposes
Classification and identification
Is a hair like structures most on gram negative bacteria
Pili
Pili is composed of polymerized protein called
Pilin
Pili have a rigid structure and more associated on _____
Attachment
Enables transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another
Sex pilus
Found in spyrochaetes causes syphilis. A bundle of febriles that propels the bacteria
Axial filaments or endoflagella
Also called as cell membrane plasma membrane or cell sac
Cytoplasmic membrane
Where does the metabolic reactions take place
Cell membrane
Does bacteria have true nucleus?
No
Genetic structure is packed in the ______
Nucleoid
Imagination of the cell wall which is used in cell division and secrete substances
Mesosome
It is used as storage for food and energy
Granules
_____ and _____ can form thick walled spores as a means of survival
Bacillus and clostridium
The process of spore formation is called
Sporulation
Survive for many years and are resistant to heat, cold, drying and most chemicals.
Endospores
One sport is produced in a bacterial cell, which generates into one _______.
Vegetative bacterium
Endospores can be visualized using a
Spore stain
Made up of the picolinic acid and calcium depicolinate that resist heat drying and radiation
Endospores
If the spore once again live becomes of vegetative cell the process is called
Germination
