Mitosis (Q1) Flashcards
What is mitosis?
Division of genetic material in the nucleus
Why is mitosis needed?
- Organism growth and development
- Reproduction (primarily, asexual)
- Repair and replacement of damaged tissues or cells
Mitosis occurs in ________. (somatic cells or gametes)
Mitosis occurs in somatic/body cells.
What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Haploid cells only have one copy of chromosomes, while diploid cells have two copies.
Mitosis produces and is produced from ________. (haploid cells or diploid cells)
Mitosis produces and is produced from diploid cells.
Mitosis produces ________ (two or four) ________ (unique or identical) daughter cells.
Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells.
When this substance condenses, it forms the chromosomes and chromatids.
Chromatin
Differentiate chromatid and chromosome.
A chromosome can either be a single chromatid with a centromere attached to it OR two sister chromatids with a centromere.
Protein complex that is responsible for chromosome condensation and also holds the two sister chromatids together
Cohesin
A cysteine protease responsible for removing the cohesion between sister chromatids
Separase
Sections of DNA found at the end of a chromosome
Telomere
How does multiple rounds of cell division affect the telomere?
With each cell division, the length of the telomere shortens.
The short and long arm structures of the chromosome are also referred to as ________.
p arm and q arm
How do we count the number of chromosomes?
By the presence of their functional centromere
In the human body, there are: _____ pairs of chromosomes, _____ total chromosomes, _____ centrosomes, _____ pair of autosomes, and _____ pair of sex chromosomes.
In the human body, there are: 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 total chromosomes, 46 centrosomes, 22 pair of autosomes, and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.
When does mitosis start in the cell cycle?
At the end of the interphase, specifically G2 phase
In terms of mitosis, what are two characteristics of the G2 phase of the interphase?
- Duplication of centrosome
- Uncondensed chromosome
What are the stages of mitosis based on the lesson material?
- Prophase
- Prometaphase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
Chromatin condenses into chromosome
Prophase
Nucleoli disappear
Prophase
Nuclear envelope breaks down
Prophase
Duplicated chromosome appears as identical sister chromatids joined at their centromeres all along their arms by cohesins
Prophase
Mitotic spindle begins to form
Prophase
Microtubules from spindle interact with condensed chromosomes
Prometaphase
Kinetochore is formed at centromere
Prometaphase
Centromeres, NOT THE CHROMOSOMES, lie at the center
Metaphase
During metaphase, sister chromatids are arranged at the ________.
Metaphase plate
Kinetochore microtubules from opposite poles are now attached to the sister chromatids
Metaphase
Centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell
Metaphase
Each chromatid becomes an independent chromosome
Anaphase
Kinetochore microtubules shorten
Anaphase
Two new daughter chromosomes move to the ends of the cell
Anaphase
Cell elongates
Anaphase
Daughter nuclei begin to form at the two poles
Telophase
Nuclear envelope arises
Telophase
Nucleoli reappears
Telophase
Chromosome is less condensed
Telophase
When cytokinesis happens, an indentation appears in animal cells called ________. Meanwhile, a wall forms between plant cells called ________.
Cleavage furrow, cell plate
Cytokinesis in animal cells occur with the help of the ________. Meanwhile, the ________ of the plant cell fuse in cytokinesis.
Contractile ring, vesicles
