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G12 Biology > Mitosis (Q1) > Flashcards

Mitosis (Q1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Division of genetic material in the nucleus

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2
Q

Why is mitosis needed?

A
  1. Organism growth and development
  2. Reproduction (primarily, asexual)
  3. Repair and replacement of damaged tissues or cells
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3
Q

Mitosis occurs in ________. (somatic cells or gametes)

A

Mitosis occurs in somatic/body cells.

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4
Q

What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

A

Haploid cells only have one copy of chromosomes, while diploid cells have two copies.

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5
Q

Mitosis produces and is produced from ________. (haploid cells or diploid cells)

A

Mitosis produces and is produced from diploid cells.

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6
Q

Mitosis produces ________ (two or four) ________ (unique or identical) daughter cells.

A

Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells.

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7
Q

When this substance condenses, it forms the chromosomes and chromatids.

A

Chromatin

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8
Q

Differentiate chromatid and chromosome.

A

A chromosome can either be a single chromatid with a centromere attached to it OR two sister chromatids with a centromere.

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9
Q

Protein complex that is responsible for chromosome condensation and also holds the two sister chromatids together

A

Cohesin

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10
Q

A cysteine protease responsible for removing the cohesion between sister chromatids

A

Separase

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11
Q

Sections of DNA found at the end of a chromosome

A

Telomere

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12
Q

How does multiple rounds of cell division affect the telomere?

A

With each cell division, the length of the telomere shortens.

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13
Q

The short and long arm structures of the chromosome are also referred to as ________.

A

p arm and q arm

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14
Q

How do we count the number of chromosomes?

A

By the presence of their functional centromere

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15
Q

In the human body, there are: _____ pairs of chromosomes, _____ total chromosomes, _____ centrosomes, _____ pair of autosomes, and _____ pair of sex chromosomes.

A

In the human body, there are: 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 total chromosomes, 46 centrosomes, 22 pair of autosomes, and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.

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16
Q

When does mitosis start in the cell cycle?

A

At the end of the interphase, specifically G2 phase

17
Q

In terms of mitosis, what are two characteristics of the G2 phase of the interphase?

A
  1. Duplication of centrosome
  2. Uncondensed chromosome
18
Q

What are the stages of mitosis based on the lesson material?

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Prometaphase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
19
Q

Chromatin condenses into chromosome

A

Prophase

20
Q

Nucleoli disappear

A

Prophase

21
Q

Nuclear envelope breaks down

A

Prophase

22
Q

Duplicated chromosome appears as identical sister chromatids joined at their centromeres all along their arms by cohesins

A

Prophase

23
Q

Mitotic spindle begins to form

A

Prophase

24
Q

Microtubules from spindle interact with condensed chromosomes

A

Prometaphase

25
Q

Kinetochore is formed at centromere

A

Prometaphase

26
Q

Centromeres, NOT THE CHROMOSOMES, lie at the center

A

Metaphase

27
Q

During metaphase, sister chromatids are arranged at the ________.

A

Metaphase plate

28
Q

Kinetochore microtubules from opposite poles are now attached to the sister chromatids

A

Metaphase

29
Q

Centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell

A

Metaphase

30
Q

Each chromatid becomes an independent chromosome

A

Anaphase

31
Q

Kinetochore microtubules shorten

A

Anaphase

32
Q

Two new daughter chromosomes move to the ends of the cell

A

Anaphase

33
Q

Cell elongates

A

Anaphase

34
Q

Daughter nuclei begin to form at the two poles

A

Telophase

35
Q

Nuclear envelope arises

A

Telophase

36
Q

Nucleoli reappears

A

Telophase

37
Q

Chromosome is less condensed

A

Telophase

38
Q

When cytokinesis happens, an indentation appears in animal cells called ________. Meanwhile, a wall forms between plant cells called ________.

A

Cleavage furrow, cell plate

39
Q

Cytokinesis in animal cells occur with the help of the ________. Meanwhile, the ________ of the plant cell fuse in cytokinesis.

A

Contractile ring, vesicles

G12 Biology (14 decks)

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