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G12 Biology > Light Dependent Reaction (Q2) > Flashcards

Light Dependent Reaction (Q2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Flow of electrons through the photosystems and other molecular components built into the thylakoid membrane

A

Linear Photophosphorylation/linear electron flow

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2
Q

Two stages of photosynthesis

A

Light-dependent reaction and light-independent reaction

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3
Q

This stage of photosynthesis requires sunlight, occurs in the thylakoid membrane, and involves two photosystems and the electron transport chain.

A

Light-dependent reaction

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4
Q

What is the goal of light dependent reaction?

A

To create ATP and NADPH by energizing photosynthesis through sunlight

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5
Q

Large protein complexes of proteins and pigments that harvest light

A

Photosystems (PSII and PSI)

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6
Q

The photosystem is composed of:

A
  1. Reaction-center complex
  2. Light-harvesting complexes
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7
Q

A reaction-center complex consists of:

A
  1. Special chlorophyll A molecules
  2. Primary electron acceptor
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8
Q

Consists of various pigment molecules that harvest light photons

A

Light-harvesting complex

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9
Q

Special pair of chlorophyll a molecules in Photosystem II

A

P680

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10
Q

Special pair of chlorophyll a molecules in Photosystem I

A

P700

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11
Q

What do the numbers on the photosystem names mean?

A

Reflects the order of discovery of the photosystem

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12
Q

Four parts of the light-dependent reaction

A
  1. Light absorption in PSII
  2. ATP synthesis
  3. Light absorption in PSI
  4. NADPH formation
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13
Q

What explains the concept of how energy is transferred from one pigment molecule to another until it reaches the special pair of chlorophyll a molecules?

A

Resonance energy transfer

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14
Q

What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs a photon?

A

It causes a transition of the chlorophyll molecule from its ground state to excited state.

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15
Q

Primary electron acceptor of PSII

A

Pheophytin

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16
Q

Primary electron acceptor of PSI

A

A0

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17
Q

Chlorophyll a molecules of PSII

A

P680, best absorbs light with a wavelength of 680 nm (red part of spectrum)

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18
Q

Chlorophyll a molecules of PSI

A

P700, best absorbs light with a wavelength of 700 nm (far-red part of spectrum)

19
Q

Process of breaking water molecules using the energy provided by light

A

Photolysis

20
Q

End products of photolysis

A

2 electrons, 2 hydrogen ions, and 1 oxygen atom

21
Q

The electrons from photolysis are supplied one by one to the _____.

A

Special pair of chlorophyll a molecules

22
Q

The hydrogen ions from photolysis are stored in the _____.

A

Thylakoid lumen

23
Q

Strongest biological oxidizing agent that greatly facilitates the transfer of electrons from the split water molecule

A

P680

24
Q

Three components of the electron transport chain connecting the electron flow between PSII and PSI

A
  1. Plastoquinone (electron carrier)
  2. Cytochrome complex
  3. Plastocyanin (protein)
25
Q

What causes the electron transport chain to release free energy?

A

Redox reactions

26
Q

Movement of hydrogen ions down their electrochemical gradient in order to start ATP synthesis

A

Chemiosmosis

27
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that hydrogen ions go through during chemiosmosis?

A

Transmembrane enzyme ATP synthase

28
Q

Protein that helps in passing electrons down to the electron transport chain after being excited in PSI

A

Ferredoxin

29
Q

Electrons from ferredoxin are transferred to _______ and is turned into _______ with the help of the enzyme _______ and through the process of _______. It also requires _______ ions from the stroma.

A

NADP+, NADPH, NADP+ reductase, reduction, hydrogen

30
Q

How many electrons are needed to reduce NADP+ into NADPH?

A

2 electrons

31
Q

Process wherein electrons loop back to the first part of the electron transport chain, repeatedly cycling through PSI instead of ending
up in NADPH.

A

Cyclic photophosphorylation

32
Q

Does cyclic photophosphorylation produce NADPH?

A

No, only ATP.

33
Q

Five reasons why cyclic photophosphorylation happens

A
  1. Organisms with single photosystems
  2. Mutations
  3. Too little NADP available
  4. High ATP needs
  5. Photoprotection
34
Q

Reactants of light dependent reaction

A
  1. H2O
  2. ADP
  3. NADP+
  4. Pi (inorganic phosphate)
  5. Light
35
Q

To produce one glucose molecule, how many water molecules are needed?

A

12

36
Q

To produce one glucose molecule, how many NADP+ are needed?

A

12

37
Q

To produce one glucose molecule, how many NADPH are needed?

A

12

38
Q

To produce one glucose molecule, how many O2 molecules are needed?

A

6

39
Q

To produce one glucose molecule, how many ADP are needed?

A

18

40
Q

To produce one glucose molecule, how many ATP are needed?

A

18

41
Q

To produce one glucose molecule, how many inorganic phosphate molecules are needed?

A

18

42
Q

When excited electrons fall back to the ground state, photons are given off and releases an afterglow called ______.

A

fluorescence

43
Q

If illuminated, an isolated solution of chlorophyll will fluoresce, giving off ______ and ______.

A

light, heat

G12 Biology (14 decks)

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