Meiosis (Q1)

Question 1

How much of the chromosomes of the parent cell does meiosis produce?

Answer 1

Half of the chromosomes

Question 2

Meiosis occurs in ________. (somatic cells or gametes)

Answer 2

Mitosis occurs in gametes/sex cells.

Question 3

Meiosis is produced from a ________ (haploid or diploid) parent cell to produce ________ (haploid or diploid) cells.

Answer 3

Meiosis is produced from a diploid parent cell to produce haploid cells.

Question 4

Meiosis produces ________ (two or four) ________ (unique or identical) daughter cells.

Answer 4

Meiosis produces four unique daughter cells.

Question 5

When do gametes fuse to form a diploid offspring?

Answer 5

During fertilization

Question 6

What differentiates homologous chromosomes from non-homologous chromosomes?

Answer 6

Homologous chromosomes have different alleles but they must have the same genes, chromosomal arm length, and centromere position.

Question 7

In the human body, the 22 autosomes are ________ while the X and Y chromosomes are ________.

Answer 7

Homologous, non-homologous

Question 8

What differentiates sister chromatids from non-sister chromatids?

Answer 8

Sister chromatids should have the same gene, allele, and centrosome.

Question 9

True or False: Homologous chromosomes are non-sister chromatids.

Answer 9

True, sister chromatids share the same gene and allele. Homologous chromosomes only share the same gene.

Question 10

What are the two divisions of meiosis?

Answer 10

Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Question 11

What happens in Meiosis I?

Answer 11

Division results in reducing the number of chromosomes

Question 12

What happens in Meiosis II?

Answer 12

Similar to mitotic division but the number of chromosomes is reduced to half

Question 13

Stages of Meiosis I

Answer 13

1. Prophase I
2. Metaphase I
3. Anaphase I
4. Telophase I and Cytokinesis

Question 14

Disappearance of nuclei

Answer 14

Prophase I

Question 15

Nuclear membrane breaks down

Answer 15

Prophase I

Question 16

Formation of spindle fiber and movement of centrosomes

Answer 16

Prophase I

Question 17

What are the stages of Prophase I?

Answer 17

1. Leptotene
2. Zygotene
3. Pachytene
4. Diplotene
5. Diakinesis

Question 18

Chromosomes start to condense. What stage of Prophase I is this?

Answer 18

Leptotene

Question 19

Synaptonemal complex forms. What stage of Prophase I is this?

Answer 19

Zygotene

Question 20

DNA exchanged by non-sister chromatids. What stage of Prophase I is this?

Answer 20

Pachytene

Question 21

Synapsis ends and chiasma is visible. What stage of Prophase I is this?

Answer 21

Diplotene

Question 22

Nuclear membrane disintegrates and prophase ends. What stage of Prophase I is this?

Answer 22

Diakinesis

Question 23

What is the difference between synapsis and crossing over?

Answer 23

Synapsis is the alignment and pairing of homologous chromosomes with their counterpart. Crossing over is the sharing of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a homologous pair.

Question 24

Point of contact or region of crossing over between a homologous pair

Answer 24

Chiasma (sing.) or chiasmata (plural)

Question 25

Protein structure formed during Prophase I that connects paired homologous chromosomes

Answer 25

Synaptonemal complex

Question 26

Homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate and follow independent assortment

Answer 26

Metaphase I

Question 27

What is independent assortment?

Answer 27

Because of the random orientation of homologous chromosomes, different alleles are indepedently inherited.

Question 28

Recombination occurs

Answer 28

Metaphase I

Question 29

Both chromatids of one homolog are attached to kinetochore microtubules.

Answer 29

Metaphase I

Question 30

Breakdown of cohesin allows homologous pair to separate

Answer 30

Anaphase I

Question 31

Synaptonemal complex breaks down

Answer 31

Anaphase I

Question 32

Sister chromatid cohesion persists at centromere

Answer 32

Anaphase I

Question 33

Homologs move toward opposite poles

Answer 33

Anaphase I

Question 34

Cells are now haploid

Answer 34

Telophase I/Cytokinesis

Question 35

Each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids with regions of non sister chromatids

Answer 35

Telophase I/Cytokinesis

Question 36

Spindle apparatus forms

Answer 36

Prophase II

Question 37

Chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids are moved towards metaphase plate

Answer 37

Late Prophase II

Question 38

Chromosomes position at the metaphase plate

Answer 38

Metaphase II

Question 39

Sister chromatids are not genetically identical

Answer 39

Metaphase II

Question 40

Sister chromatid separates and cohesin breaks down

Answer 40

Anaphase II

Question 41

Nuclei form and chromosome decondense

Answer 41

Telophase II/Cytokinesis

Question 42

This phase produces four genetically distinct daughter cells

Answer 42

Telophase II/Cytokinesis

Question 43

Meiosis is involved with ________ reproduction. (asexual or sexual)

Answer 43

Sexual