Mitosis and Meiosis (Unit 5 - Part 1)

Question 1

cell division

Answer 1

one cell divides/splits into 2 cells (division of the cell and its genetic material - DNA)

Question 2

purpose of mitosis

Answer 2

mainly growth and repair (exception is unicellular organisms)

Question 3

purpose of meiosis

Answer 3

reproduction

Question 4

mitosis

Answer 4

a type of cell division that results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells

Question 5

meiosis

Answer 5

a type of cell division that results in 4 genetically different daughter cells

Question 6

end result of mitosis

Answer 6

-2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original (parent) cell
-DNA is replicated and divided into 2 cells

Question 7

Where does mitosis occur?

Answer 7

in multicellular organisms

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

a molecule that gets coiled into a structure called a chromosomes

Question 9

How many chromosomes do human cells have?

Answer 9

46

Question 10

diploid number (2n)

Answer 10

contains 2 complete sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent

Question 11

nucleus then _____

Answer 11

chromosomes then DNA

Question 12

multicellular organisms do mitosis for____

Answer 12

growth, repair, or replacement

Question 13

unicellular organisms do mitosis for ___

Answer 13

reproduction

Question 14

phases of mitosis

Answer 14

IPMAT (interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)

Question 15

interphase

Answer 15

the cell copies its DNA and grows in preparation for division (spends the most time in this phase)

Question 16

prophase

Answer 16

DNA and proteins condense into tightly coiled chromosomes and centrioles begin to move to opposite sides of the cell

Question 17

metaphase

Answer 17

spindle fibers attach to each chromosome and they align along the middle of the cell

Question 18

anaphase

Answer 18

sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell

Question 19

telophase

Answer 19

nuclear membranes start to form, chromosomes uncoil, and spindle fibers fall apart

Question 20

cytokinesis

Answer 20

the cell is split, two diploid cells form, and each is genetically identical

Question 21

cancer

Answer 21

uncontrolled cell division (aka mitosis out of control)

Question 22

cancer cells divide ______ and ___ than normal, healthy cells

Answer 22

more often and faster

Question 23

tumor

Answer 23

an abnormal mass (growth) of cells

Question 24

benign

Answer 24

non cancerous cells

Question 25

malignant

Answer 25

cancerous tumor

Question 26

fission

Answer 26

a type of asexual reproduction where the parent cell doubles in size and splits and it makes 2 identical cells

Question 27

budding

Answer 27

a type of asexual reproduction where the parent organism divides itself into 2 unequal parts (a bud forms) and they are identical

Question 28

cloning

Answer 28

another name for asexual reproduction that can only be done in a lab and does not happen in nature

Question 29

advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 29

fast, no mate needed, and population can increase rapidly

Question 30

disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 30

no genetic variation (the entire population is more likely to be wiped out with a change in environment or exposure to a disease