Evolution - Unit 8

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

the gradual change in a species over a long period of time

Question 2

species

Answer 2

group of organisms that are so similar that they can reproduce to create fertile offspring

Question 3

adaptions

Answer 3

inherited characteristics that improve an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in an environment

Question 4

Charles Darwin

Answer 4

Naturalist who went on a 5 year journey to study plants and animals around the world aboard the HMS Beagle

Question 5

Four Condition of Evolution

Answer 5

-overproduction of offspring
-struggle for survival
-variation
-selection

Question 6

overproduction of offspring

Answer 6

each generation produces more offspring than can survive

Question 7

overproduction of offspring increases..

Answer 7

the likelihood that at least some will survive and pass on their traits

Question 8

struggle for survival

Answer 8

overproduction leads to competition for resources

Question 9

which individuals are more likely to get enough limited resources?

Answer 9

the individuals best suited to their environment

Question 10

variation

Answer 10

genetic differences (variations) are inherited from their parents

Question 11

what do these variations mean?

Answer 11

some organisms will adapt better to their environment

Question 12

causes of variation

Answer 12

-DNA mutations (only mutations in gametes will have a chance to be passed onto offspring)
-genetic shuffling (crossing over) during meiosis
-sexual reproduction

Question 13

selection

Answer 13

traits with high adaptive value give individuals a competitive advantage

Question 14

natural selection

Answer 14

when the environment chooses which traits are most beneficial

Question 15

artificial selection

Answer 15

selective breeding of plants and animals with genetic traits that have human value