Genetics (Unit 6 - Part 1)

Question 1

When is the gender of a offspring determined?

Answer 1

at the moment of fertilization

Question 2

sex chromosomes

Answer 2

chromosomes out of 23 pairs of regular chromosomes that determine gender

Question 3

one sex chromosome is from the __________and the other sex chromosomes is from the ________

Answer 3

sperm cell and egg cell

Question 4

Genetic Females

Answer 4

XX

Question 5

Genetic Males

Answer 5

XY

Question 6

which cell determines the gender of the baby?

Answer 6

the sperm cell

Question 7

the gender depends on which letter (X or Y) the ________

Answer 7

sperm cell gives

Question 8

karyotype

Answer 8

a picture of a person’s chromosomes

Question 9

how the chromosomes arranged?

Answer 9

by size (biggest to smallest)

Question 10

if someone has more or less than 46 chromosomes they have a _______

Answer 10

chromosomal disorder

Question 11

heredity

Answer 11

passing of traits from parents to offspring

Question 12

trait

Answer 12

a specific characteristic of an organism

Question 13

Through what do parents pass on their traits to their offspring?

Answer 13

though chromosomes

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

a section of a chromosome with enough DNA to make a protein

Question 15

they ______ for a certain trait

Answer 15

code

Question 16

gregor mendel

Answer 16

-the “father” of modern genetics
-famous for his work with garden peas
-he discovered that traits inherited from parents follow predictable rules of chance (probability)

Question 17

allele

Answer 17

an alternate form of a gene that has a slightly different DNA code

Question 18

dominant allele

Answer 18

the version of a trait that is seen when present and it covers up another allele

Question 19

recessive allele

Answer 19

the version of a trait that is not expressed when both alleles (dominant and recessive) are present and it gets covered up

Question 20

genotype

Answer 20

-the genetic makeup of an individual
-the combination of 2 alleles received for a certain trait
-1 allele is received from each parent, you have 2 parents therefore 2 alleles

Question 21

homozygous dominant

Answer 21

-HH
-both dominant alleles are present

Question 22

homozygous recessive

Answer 22

-hh
-both recessive alleles are present

Question 23

heterozygous

Answer 23

-Hh
-one dominant allele and one recessive allele is present

Question 24

phenotype

Answer 24

the physical characteristic and the way a genotype is expressed

Question 25

what may impact the expression of genes?

Answer 25

the environment

Question 26

DNA (an abbreviation for Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Answer 26

*contains genetic info
-it is a nucleic acid
-it is a organic compound
-building blocks: nucleotides

Question 27

what are the 3 parts of DNA nucleotides?

Answer 27

-sugar: deoxyribose
-phosphate group
-nitrogenous base

Question 28

what the 4 nitrogenous bases?

Answer 28

*A-adenine
*T-thymine
*C-cytosine
*G-guanine

Question 29

DNA shape

Answer 29

double helix

Question 30

DNA is made of 2 strands of ___

Answer 30

nucleotides

Question 31

-A always pairs with __
-C always pairs with ___

Answer 31

-T
-G

Question 32

hydrogen bonds

Answer 32

bonds that hold together base pairs

Question 33

RNA (an abbreviation for Ribonucleic Acid)

Answer 33

*another type of nucleic acid
-it is a organic compound
-it is single stranded
building blocks: nucleotides

Question 34

what are the 3 parts of RNA nucleotides?

Answer 34

-sugar: ribose
-phosphate group
-nitrogenous base

Question 35

RNA does not have ___, it has ____ instead

Answer 35

T (thymine), it has U (uracil) instead