Mitosis And Cell Division Flashcards
What are the 4 stages of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What is the brief definition of mitosis
Where the Nucleos divides into 2 nuclei and chromatids break aprt each going to separate Nucleos then split to form 2 cells
Name a use for mitosis
Growth and repair in organism
In bacteria the division into 2 identical cells is known as
Binary fission
Give outline of budding in yeast
Bud forms on the surface of cell DNA and organelles replicate Set of duplicate chromosomes are formed One daughter Nucleos migrates to the bud Bud increases in size and eventualy separates
What are proof checks
Proof checks are the checks that a cell does between each stage of mitosis. If a harmful mutation is found the it kills itself
What happens in the G1 stage
This is the longest stage and is where protein synthesis occurs, organelles are produced, cell size increases and volume of cytoplasm increases, differentiates. If cell is. It going to divide the it will stay in this stage.
What happens in G2
This is a short period before mitosis where the cytoskeleton of cell begins to break down and protein Microtuble components begin to reassemble into spindle fibres which is required for cell division
How many chromosomes are there in the nucleos
23 pairs (46) one form mom and one from dad. Each lair same size and have same or alternate gene for a characteristic
What are the 2 chromosomes held together by
The centromere holds the 2 chromatids together
What is a gene
A gene is a segment if DNA that codes for a trait
When might mitosis occur
Replacement of cells
Asexual reproduction
Growth of tissues
Growth in multicellular organisms
What is interphase
Stage before mitosis that where chromosomes are copied exactly
What occurs during prophase
Chromosomes supercoil so that they become visible and consist of sister chromatids. The nuclear envelope breaks down and disappears and centrioles divides into 2 and moves to posit ends of the cell
What happens in magaphase
Chromosomes move to central region of spindle and become attached to the spindle by the centromere
What occurs during anaphase
Centromere splits separating the chromatids and the spindle fibres tighten pulling the sister chromatids to opposite end s of cell by there centromere
What happens during telophase
Nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes and the spindle fibres break down and disappear. Chromosomes also uncoil so no longer visible.
What is the eventual splitting of the cell at the end of mitosis called
Cytokinesis and the 2 cells are genticly identical
What are clone cells
Genticly identical cells
What us vegetative propagation
Asexual reproduction using specialised parts of cells from adult plant cells which are able to make lots if clones.
What single strands if DNA in cytoplasm known as
Prokaryotes
What are the only cells in pants that can reproduce called
Meristem cells and they are found in tios of roots and shoots and in ring of tissues in stems
