Mitosis And Cell Division Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the 4 stages of mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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1
Q

What is the brief definition of mitosis

A

Where the Nucleos divides into 2 nuclei and chromatids break aprt each going to separate Nucleos then split to form 2 cells

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2
Q

Name a use for mitosis

A

Growth and repair in organism

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3
Q

In bacteria the division into 2 identical cells is known as

A

Binary fission

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4
Q

Give outline of budding in yeast

A
Bud forms on the surface of cell
DNA and organelles replicate 
Set of duplicate chromosomes are formed 
One daughter Nucleos migrates to the bud
Bud increases in size and eventualy separates
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5
Q

What are proof checks

A

Proof checks are the checks that a cell does between each stage of mitosis. If a harmful mutation is found the it kills itself

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6
Q

What happens in the G1 stage

A

This is the longest stage and is where protein synthesis occurs, organelles are produced, cell size increases and volume of cytoplasm increases, differentiates. If cell is. It going to divide the it will stay in this stage.

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7
Q

What happens in G2

A

This is a short period before mitosis where the cytoskeleton of cell begins to break down and protein Microtuble components begin to reassemble into spindle fibres which is required for cell division

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8
Q

How many chromosomes are there in the nucleos

A

23 pairs (46) one form mom and one from dad. Each lair same size and have same or alternate gene for a characteristic

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9
Q

What are the 2 chromosomes held together by

A

The centromere holds the 2 chromatids together

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10
Q

What is a gene

A

A gene is a segment if DNA that codes for a trait

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11
Q

When might mitosis occur

A

Replacement of cells
Asexual reproduction
Growth of tissues
Growth in multicellular organisms

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12
Q

What is interphase

A

Stage before mitosis that where chromosomes are copied exactly

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13
Q

What occurs during prophase

A

Chromosomes supercoil so that they become visible and consist of sister chromatids. The nuclear envelope breaks down and disappears and centrioles divides into 2 and moves to posit ends of the cell

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14
Q

What happens in magaphase

A

Chromosomes move to central region of spindle and become attached to the spindle by the centromere

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15
Q

What occurs during anaphase

A

Centromere splits separating the chromatids and the spindle fibres tighten pulling the sister chromatids to opposite end s of cell by there centromere

16
Q

What happens during telophase

A

Nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes and the spindle fibres break down and disappear. Chromosomes also uncoil so no longer visible.

17
Q

What is the eventual splitting of the cell at the end of mitosis called

A

Cytokinesis and the 2 cells are genticly identical

18
Q

What are clone cells

A

Genticly identical cells

19
Q

What us vegetative propagation

A

Asexual reproduction using specialised parts of cells from adult plant cells which are able to make lots if clones.

20
Q

What single strands if DNA in cytoplasm known as

A

Prokaryotes

21
Q

What are the only cells in pants that can reproduce called

A

Meristem cells and they are found in tios of roots and shoots and in ring of tissues in stems