Biochemistry

Question 1

what is metabolism

Answer 1

this is the sum of all the chemical ructions taking place in an organism

Question 2

what is a catabolic reaction

Answer 2

this breaks large molecules into smaller ones

Question 3

what is a anabolic reaction

Answer 3

this is a reaction that builds large molecules out of smaller ones

Question 4

what is a covalent bond

Answer 4

this is the sharing of electrons to form a complete outer shell

Question 5

what is a monomer

Answer 5

small independent molecule that can join to other mollecules

Question 6

why is a chain of misnomers called

Answer 6

a pollymer

Question 7

what is the name of he reaction that bond monomers together

Answer 7

condensation reaction

Question 8

what are the 3 main steps in a condensation reaction

Answer 8

water molecules released
covalent bond is formed
larger molecule formed as a result

Question 9

what the 3 main stows in a hydrolyse reaction

Answer 9

water molecules added
covalent bond broken
smaller molecules produced

Question 10

what is a hydrogen bond

Answer 10

when a slightly chafed part of molecule comes close to another part of another molecule which has a slight opposite charge
not a strong bond

Question 11

how can glucose molecules be used to make ATP

Answer 11

they consist of large number of bonds which if broken form simpler molecules.
during respiration glucose is broken into water and carbon dioxide which realises energy and this can be used to make ATP

Question 12

what type of glucose is animals and plants cable of braking down

Answer 12

alpha glucose only not beta

Question 13

what is maltose

Answer 13

a disaccharide of 2 alpha glucose monosaccarides

Question 14

what happens od condensations reactions continue to occur on maltose

Answer 14

it will form amylose

Question 15

what shape do amylose chains form

Answer 15

spring

Question 16

what is the advantage of a amylose molecule having a spring shape

Answer 16

makes amylose molecules more compact.
allows iodine molecules to be trapped in coils of spring which causes iodine to go a blue/black colour
not water soluble

Question 17

what is the difference in shape in a-glucose and b-glucose molecules

Answer 17

a-glucose molecules can be condensed together to form coiled, spring like chains
b-glucose molecules form long straight chains which is stronger in structure

Question 18

what are b-glucose polymer chains called

Answer 18

cellulose chains

Question 19

how are cell walls constructed

Answer 19

microfibrils - contains bundles of about 60-70 cellulose molecules cross linked by hydrogen bonds
these microfibrils are then held together by more hydrogen bonds to form larger bundles called macro-fibrils
they are then embedded in a substance called pectin to form cell walls