Biochemistry Flashcards
what is metabolism
this is the sum of all the chemical ructions taking place in an organism
what is a catabolic reaction
this breaks large molecules into smaller ones
what is a anabolic reaction
this is a reaction that builds large molecules out of smaller ones
what is a covalent bond
this is the sharing of electrons to form a complete outer shell
what is a monomer
small independent molecule that can join to other mollecules
why is a chain of misnomers called
a pollymer
what is the name of he reaction that bond monomers together
condensation reaction
what are the 3 main steps in a condensation reaction
water molecules released
covalent bond is formed
larger molecule formed as a result
what the 3 main stows in a hydrolyse reaction
water molecules added
covalent bond broken
smaller molecules produced
what is a hydrogen bond
when a slightly chafed part of molecule comes close to another part of another molecule which has a slight opposite charge
not a strong bond
how can glucose molecules be used to make ATP
they consist of large number of bonds which if broken form simpler molecules.
during respiration glucose is broken into water and carbon dioxide which realises energy and this can be used to make ATP
what type of glucose is animals and plants cable of braking down
alpha glucose only not beta
what is maltose
a disaccharide of 2 alpha glucose monosaccarides
what happens od condensations reactions continue to occur on maltose
it will form amylose
what shape do amylose chains form
spring
what is the advantage of a amylose molecule having a spring shape
makes amylose molecules more compact.
allows iodine molecules to be trapped in coils of spring which causes iodine to go a blue/black colour
not water soluble
what is the difference in shape in a-glucose and b-glucose molecules
a-glucose molecules can be condensed together to form coiled, spring like chains
b-glucose molecules form long straight chains which is stronger in structure
what are b-glucose polymer chains called
cellulose chains
how are cell walls constructed
microfibrils - contains bundles of about 60-70 cellulose molecules cross linked by hydrogen bonds
these microfibrils are then held together by more hydrogen bonds to form larger bundles called macro-fibrils
they are then embedded in a substance called pectin to form cell walls
