Enzymes Flashcards
what is activation energy
this is the extra energy required for a reaction to take place
how do enzymes affect the amount of activation energy and why is this important
it reduces the amount as they act as a catalyst and this is useful because cells are unlikely to survive being boiled to high temperatures and in acid
what is the lock and key method
this is were the substrate and active set are complimentary in shape and and they local together which cause a reaction to ocur
what is the induced for method
similar to lock and key but when substrate fits in the active site chafes shape slightly to keep it in. oposit charges on active site and substrate are close which also helps it to stay. change in shape allies strain to substate which destabilises it so it will react better and occur more easily. substate chafes shape during reaction and then leaves
wat is respmsbale for holding tertiary structure (3d shape of protein) together
weaker bonds such as ionic and hydrogen bonds
what are inhibitors
inhibitors affect the enzyme molecule which causes the reaction rate to reduce
what are the two types of inhibitors
competative
non-competative
what is a competitive inhibitor
is a similar shape to the substrate molecule so is able to fit into the active site meaning no retain can take place whilst it is there
this is called a enzyme-inhibitor complex. but bonds that hold this together are weak so can be broken easily.
what is a non-competitive inhibitor
this is where the inhobotor does not compete with the substrate
it bonds to a allosteric site which distorts the tertiary structure. this means the active site will change shape so substrate will no longer fit to the enzyme
