Cells And Organells Flashcards
What us found in a plant cell but not an animal cell
Chloroplast
Cell wall
What are the 10 main organelles within a cell
Mitochondria Lysosomes Rough endoplasic reticulum Nucleos Nuclear envelope Cytoplasm Ribosome Golgi apparatus Smooth endoplasic reticulum
What kind of cell contains DNA in a membrane bound Nucleos
Eukaryotes
Like animal, plant and fungi cells
What is the name given to an organism who’s DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm
Prokaryote
The 2 groups of prokaryote are bacteria and archea
What are the main differences in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Eukaryotes contain many membrane bound organelles where as prokaryotes have simpler structures and lack in organelles like Nucleos and endoplasic reticulum
What is the main job of the ribosomes
Where protein synthesis occurs… Translates mRNA into protein
What does the cytoplasm comprise of
Comprises of a liquid called cylosol and contains the contents of the cell
What consists of phospholipid bilayer and fatty acids
The cell membrane
What are infoldings of the membrane called
Mesosomes
What are the small gaps around the nuclear envelope called
Nuclear pores
What are the long molecules of DNA called
Chromosomes
What are a tangle of chromosomes known as
Chromatin
What is the name given to a network of membranes found in every eukaryotic cell
Endoplasic reticulum
What contains ribosomes and is usually continuos with nuclear envelope
Rough endoplasic reticulum
When membranes form and enclosed space separated from the cytoplasm what is this space calles
Cristernae
Where does protein synthesis take place
On ribosomes of RER
What is a double membrane called
Envelope (nuclear envelope is around Nucleos)
What are thylakoids
They are stacks of grana in chloroplast
Where does photosynthesis occur
In the chlorophyll inside a chloroplast
What is the job of a starch grain in a plant
It acts as an energy store
What are flattened sacks enclosed by stack of membranes called
Golgi apparatus
What is the job of the Golgi apparatus
Receives proteins from ER and modifies them by adding sugers. They then collect in vesicles which break away form the golgi and are then transported to where they need to be.
What is the process called that involves proteins being deposited outside of the cell
Endocytosis
What is secretion
Secretion is the production of usefull substances and there eventual relase from the cell
What 2 shapes can mitochondria be
Spherical or sausage shaped
Mitochondria is the site of what
Aerobic respiration
Where is ATP made
ATP is made from O2 and energy containing molecules from glucose in the mitochondria
Muscle contain more of what and why
Mitochondria because they use more energy and so therefore require more ATP
What is a membrane bound organelle that contains liquid called
Vacuole
The membrane surrounding a vacuole is known as
Tonoplast
What forms spindle in cell devision and is responsible for transporting chromosomes around cell
Microtubles
What makes and organises Microtubles
Centrioles
Long tiny extensions from surface of cell are known as
Cilia and flagella
How do Microtubles produce movement in cilia and flagella
Movement course when Microtubles slide against each other
How do fluids move over a surface of a cell
The cilia in ciliates cells all move in harmony causing the liquid to move over the surface of the cell
A network of proteins that acts as a skeleton is known as
Micro filaments
Microfillaments and Microtubles make up the
Cytoskeleton which provides mechanical strength and he’ll skive substances In a cell. Also provides track for organelles to move along and uses energy form ATP to move the the organelles along this tack
What makes cellulose usefull for making up the cell wall in a plant cell
The cellulose fibres are very strong and arranged in a cross cross manor which are held together by matrix containing pectin which has a good resistance to stretching.
