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Biology AS > Cells And Organells > Flashcards

Cells And Organells Flashcards

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0
Q

What us found in a plant cell but not an animal cell

A

Chloroplast

Cell wall

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1
Q

What are the 10 main organelles within a cell

A 
Mitochondria 
Lysosomes
Rough endoplasic reticulum
Nucleos
Nuclear envelope
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasic reticulum
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2
Q

What kind of cell contains DNA in a membrane bound Nucleos

A

Eukaryotes

Like animal, plant and fungi cells

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3
Q

What is the name given to an organism who’s DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm

A

Prokaryote

The 2 groups of prokaryote are bacteria and archea

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4
Q

What are the main differences in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

Eukaryotes contain many membrane bound organelles where as prokaryotes have simpler structures and lack in organelles like Nucleos and endoplasic reticulum

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5
Q

What is the main job of the ribosomes

A

Where protein synthesis occurs… Translates mRNA into protein

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6
Q

What does the cytoplasm comprise of

A

Comprises of a liquid called cylosol and contains the contents of the cell

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7
Q

What consists of phospholipid bilayer and fatty acids

A

The cell membrane

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8
Q

What are infoldings of the membrane called

A

Mesosomes

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9
Q

What are the small gaps around the nuclear envelope called

A

Nuclear pores

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10
Q

What are the long molecules of DNA called

A

Chromosomes

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11
Q

What are a tangle of chromosomes known as

A

Chromatin

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12
Q

What is the name given to a network of membranes found in every eukaryotic cell

A

Endoplasic reticulum

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13
Q

What contains ribosomes and is usually continuos with nuclear envelope

A

Rough endoplasic reticulum

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14
Q

When membranes form and enclosed space separated from the cytoplasm what is this space calles

A

Cristernae

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15
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place

A

On ribosomes of RER

16
Q

What is a double membrane called

A

Envelope (nuclear envelope is around Nucleos)

17
Q

What are thylakoids

A

They are stacks of grana in chloroplast

18
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur

A

In the chlorophyll inside a chloroplast

19
Q

What is the job of a starch grain in a plant

A

It acts as an energy store

20
Q

What are flattened sacks enclosed by stack of membranes called

A

Golgi apparatus

21
Q

What is the job of the Golgi apparatus

A

Receives proteins from ER and modifies them by adding sugers. They then collect in vesicles which break away form the golgi and are then transported to where they need to be.

22
Q

What is the process called that involves proteins being deposited outside of the cell

A

Endocytosis

23
Q

What is secretion

A

Secretion is the production of usefull substances and there eventual relase from the cell

24
Q

What 2 shapes can mitochondria be

A

Spherical or sausage shaped

25
Q

Mitochondria is the site of what

A

Aerobic respiration

26
Q

Where is ATP made

A

ATP is made from O2 and energy containing molecules from glucose in the mitochondria

27
Q

Muscle contain more of what and why

A

Mitochondria because they use more energy and so therefore require more ATP

28
Q

What is a membrane bound organelle that contains liquid called

A

Vacuole

29
Q

The membrane surrounding a vacuole is known as

A

Tonoplast

30
Q

What forms spindle in cell devision and is responsible for transporting chromosomes around cell

A

Microtubles

31
Q

What makes and organises Microtubles

A

Centrioles

32
Q

Long tiny extensions from surface of cell are known as

A

Cilia and flagella

33
Q

How do Microtubles produce movement in cilia and flagella

A

Movement course when Microtubles slide against each other

34
Q

How do fluids move over a surface of a cell

A

The cilia in ciliates cells all move in harmony causing the liquid to move over the surface of the cell

35
Q

A network of proteins that acts as a skeleton is known as

A

Micro filaments

36
Q

Microfillaments and Microtubles make up the

A

Cytoskeleton which provides mechanical strength and he’ll skive substances In a cell. Also provides track for organelles to move along and uses energy form ATP to move the the organelles along this tack

37
Q

What makes cellulose usefull for making up the cell wall in a plant cell

A

The cellulose fibres are very strong and arranged in a cross cross manor which are held together by matrix containing pectin which has a good resistance to stretching.

Biology AS (10 decks)

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