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Biology AS > Cell Membranes And Exchange > Flashcards

Cell Membranes And Exchange Flashcards

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0
Q

What is responsible for what goes in and out of the cell

A

The cell membrane

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1
Q

What does mrs gren stand for

A 
Movement
Respiration
Sende
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
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2
Q

What are the 2 main parts that make up a phospholipid

A

A polar/phosphate head and a non polar/fatty acid tail

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3
Q

Why are the opra heads on outside of the membrane

A

Because the non opra tails and hydrophobic

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4
Q

When lots of phospholipids join together what does it make up

A

The phospholipid bilayer

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5
Q

How does the phospholipid bilayer structure change

A

The configuration will remain the same but individual phospholipids may swap places usually with one next to them. This movement increase the fluidity of the cell

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6
Q

What are the main structures of the fluid mosaic model

A 
Phospholipid 
Cholesterol
Channel protein
Glycoproteins 
Glycolipid
Extrinsic protein
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7
Q

What makes the membrane barrier more complete and gives membranes in eukaryotic animal cell more stability

A

Cholesterol

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8
Q

What acts as enzymes (photosynthesis in chloroplasts) and allows movement of some substances across the membrane

A

Channel protein

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9
Q

What is made of proteins and carbohydrates and acts as a cell recognition site

A

Glycoproteins

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10
Q

What us made of phospholipids and acts as a cell recognition site

A

Glycolipid

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11
Q

What do extrinsic proteins do

A

Give mechanical support to the membranes

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12
Q

What 3 substances are required to allow the transport of substances in and out of the cell

A

Oxygen for survival
Nutrients for aerobic respiration
Waste products produced by reactions within the cell

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13
Q

Name a reaction that roo duces waste products

A

Metabolism act…

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14
Q

What do you call a process that only relays on kinetic energy

A

Passive process

Like diffusion

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15
Q

What does equibriam mean

A

That there is no net movement of particle

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16
Q

Give an example of how cells try to ensure that equilibrium is not reached

A

Co2 is used In photosynthesis so that there is always an low concentration on the inside of the cell

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17
Q

Name 6 ways that can affect the rate if diffusion

A 
PH
Temperature 
Stirring the mixture 
Distance or length of diffusion pathway  
Differ ace in concentration
Surface area
18
Q

Why are fat soluble molecules allowed to simply pass through the bilayer

A

Because the membranes are made of phospholipids

19
Q

How can channel proteins assist particles and molecules in getting across the bilayer

A

They form pores in the membrane which often only allow only one type of ion through and are gated to stop more getting in

20
Q

How can carrier proteins assist in getting molecules through the bilayer

A

Shaped so that inky specific molecule can fit I. Them and they then change shape to allow the molecule to pass through the carrier protein

21
Q

What is flicks law

A

Flick law is the rate if diffusion which is concentration gradient times the surface area, divided by the length if the diffusion pathway

22
Q

When a substance requires help form a protein to get across membrane what kind of diffusion is this known as

A

Facilitated diffusion

23
Q

What is the net movement of water across a partially permeable membrane called

A

Osmosis

24
Q

What is the tendency of free water molecules to diffuse known as

A

Water potential

25
Q

What is it called when a plant cell take sin water

A

When a cell takes in water it is the known as being turgid

26
Q

When an animal cell takes in toro much water what happens

A

Because of a lack of cell wall the cell Burt’s and this is known as lysis

27
Q

When a plant cell looses too much water what happens

A

The membrane starts to pull away form the cell wall and the cell is then plasmolysed

28
Q

When an animal cell looses too Mitch water what hapens

A

The cell becomes cremated and shrivels up

29
Q

How can a substance with a low concentration move to area of high

A

Active transport allows the movement of substance against concentration gradient with help from ATP

30
Q

What 2 ions make use of active transport

A

Sodium and potassium ions often use active transport as well as magnesium from the soil which is used to make chlorophyll

31
Q

How do carrier proteins in active differ from proteins in passive transport

A

Can only Cary in one direction
Require ATP to function
Bake to work at Much faster rate
Molecules can accumulate/collect inside or outside cell
ATP is used to change the shape of the protein

32
Q

What ions help muscle fibres to contract

A

Calcium ions whEn released stimulate the muscle fibres to contract but when calcium ions are piped back into storage the muscles relax

33
Q

What us bulk transport

A

Bulk transport is the movement of large quantities of materials.

34
Q

What is the import of large quantity of substances called

A

Endocytosis

35
Q

What is the export of a large quantity of substance from cell called

A

Exocytosis

36
Q

How does ATP assist bulk transport

A

Used to move membranes around to form vesicles which can carry the substance and then move these vesicles around the cell

37
Q

What is bulk transport of solid materials known as

A

Pahagocytosis

38
Q

What is bulk transport of liquid materials known as

A

Pinocytosis

39
Q

Why do multicellular organism need cell signalling

A

Because they need to recognise changes in the environment that they are in and then react to those changes. Cells will receive signals involved in growth development and movement and then have to carry out reactions or functions in response to this

40
Q

What is the process that leads to communication between cells known as

A

Cell signalling

41
Q

What part do hormones do in cell signalling

A

They coordinate communication between cells in multicellular organisms

42
Q

How do rectors work in cell signaling

A

When hormones is released any cell with a receptor for this hormone will react accordingly

43
Q

What is a target cell

A

A target cell is the cell with a receptor for that hormone

Biology AS (10 decks)

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