MITOSIS

Question 1

What are the 2 methods of cell division

Answer 1

mitosis

meiosis

Question 2

What is the basic outline of mitosis

Answer 2

2 daugher cells produced that each have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 3

What is the basic outline of meiosis

Answer 3

4 daughter cells produced that eahc have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 4

What are the 5 stages of mitosis in order

Answer 4

1) prophase
2) metaphase
3) anaphase
4) telophase

Question 5

What is mitosis needed for

Answer 5

the growth of multicellular organisms and for repairing damaged tissues

Question 6

What is in the cell cycle

Answer 6

interphase (Gap phase 1, synthesis, Gap phase 2) -> mitosis

Question 7

What happens during Gap phase 1

Answer 7

cell grows and new organelles & proteins are made

Question 8

What happens during synthesis

Answer 8

cell replicates its DNA so that its ready to divide by mitosis

Question 9

When is the genes of the 2 daughter cells different to the parent cells

Answer 9

when a mutation occurs

Question 10

What 3 things occur during interphase

Answer 10

1) DNA is unravelled and replicated
2) organelles are replicated
3) ATP content is doubled

Question 11

Why is the ATP content doubled during interphase

Answer 11

ATP provides the energy needed for cell division

Question 12

What occurs during prophase (4 points)

Answer 12

1) chromosomes become visible as long thin threads and change to shorter and fatter
2) centrioles (only found in animals) move to opposite ends
3) spindle fibres develop from each centriole to form spindle apparatus
4) nuclear envelope breaks down so chromosomes are left free in the cutoplasm, drawn towards the equator of the cell

Question 13

What occurs during metaphase (2 points)

Answer 13

1) chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell

2) spindle fibres attach to the centromere

Question 14

What is the centromere

Answer 14

where chromatids are joined

Question 15

What are chromatids

Answer 15

what chromosomes are made up of

Question 16

How many strands of chromatids in a chromosome

Answer 16

2

Question 17

What occurs during anaphase (2 points)

Answer 17

1) centromeres divide into 2
2) spindle fibres contract, so pull the individual chromatids in the chromosome apart and towards the opposite poles of the spindle

Question 18

What shape do the chromatids appear during anaphase

Answer 18

v-shaped

Question 19

Where is the energy for anaphase provided from and where do they gather

Answer 19

mitochondria , gather around the spindle fibres

Question 20

What occurs during telophase

Answer 20

1) chromatids reach the opposite poles on the spindle
2) chromatids become longer and thinner before disappearing
3) spindle fibres disintegrate
4) nuclear envelope and nucleolus re-form
5) cytokinesis

Question 21

What is cytokinesis

Answer 21

cytoplasm divides to form 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical

Question 22

What are the 3 functions of mitosis

Answer 22

1) growth
2) repair
3) reproduction

Question 23

What is cancer the result of

Answer 23

uncontrolled cell division due to a gene mutation

Question 24

What is mitosis and cell division controlled by

Answer 24

genes

Question 25

What are some treatments of cancer designed to control and how

Answer 25

the rate of cell division by disrupting the cell cycle

Question 26

What are the 2 main stages that cancer treatments target

Answer 26

G1 and S phase

Question 27

What drugs target G1 phase

Answer 27

chemical drugs

Question 28

What drugs target the S phase

Answer 28

radiation and some drugs

Question 29

How do chemical drugs target the G1 phase

Answer 29

prevent the synthesis of enzmes

Question 30

How does radiation & some drugs target the S phase

Answer 30

damages DNA which is detected, and the cell will kill itself

Question 31

What is the problem with targeting cell division to cure cancer

Answer 31

the drugs cannot distinguish between normal body & cancer cells