MITOSIS

Question 1

I hope for the best

Answer 1

Wha.

Question 2

What is mitosis?

Answer 2

Type of cell division in which the 2 daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and are genetically identical with each other and the parent cell, giving genetic stability

Question 3

Why is mitosis needed?

Answer 3

• Growth of tissues
• Repair/replacement of tissues
• Asexual reproduction
• Genetic stability

Question 4

What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

Answer 4

A continuous process and is described in 4 stages:
1. Prophase (Purple)
2. Metaphase (Mice)
3. Anaphase (Are)
4. Telophase (Tasty)

Question 5

Explain prophase?

Answer 5

1. Chromosomes condense (shorten and thicken) and become visible
2. Seen as a pair of chromatids joined by a centromere
   - So basically the main part is #1
3. Centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell
4. Starts to form a network of protein microtubules called the spindle
5. Nucleolus disappears and prophase ends with the breakdown of the nuclear envelope
   Visuals:
   - Within we have chromosomes
   - Protected by nuclear membrane
   - And we have the 2 centrioles on each side; above and below
   They rely on cell cytoskeleton for movement
   Real visualisation: A bunch of small lines mushed together

Question 6

Explain metaphase?

Answer 6

1. Chromosomes line up at the equator
2. And are attached to the spindle apparatus by their centromere
   Visuals:
   - Think of it as the basketball lines
   - No nuclear membrane btw
   - Centromeres above and below
   - 4 “spindle fibres” (the lines between centromeres) with each chromosome connected
   - From their centromeres
   Real visualisation: A bunch of small lines mushed together as a line

Question 7

Explain anaphase?

Answer 7

1. Centromere splits and sister chromatids separate
2. Spindles contract and chromatids pulled
3. To the opposite poles of the cell, centromere first
   - Movement of chromatids relies on the cytoskeleton and ATP
   Visuals:
   - Just like the metaphase
   - However the chromosome truly is split
   - And are going their separate ways (up/down, if u know u know)
   Real visualisation: Very long combs moving far apart
   There can also be a late anaphase/early telophase which is small combs far away

Question 8

Explain telophase?

Answer 8

1. Chromatids reach opposite poles on spindle
2. They uncoil and elongate = become chromosomes
3. Nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes
4. Now there are 2 nuclei
   Visuals:
   - Think back to prophase visuals but now there’s 2 of them and are splitting
   - Centriole will degenerate (the 2 dots above and below)
   - Cytoplasm begins to divide
   - Cleavage furrow?
   Real visualisation: Small lines compactly mushed together as 2 balls