All about carbohydrates, 7 types of proteins, inorganic ions & food tests (exclusive)

Question 1

Tell me the first 3 names :v

Answer 1

Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

Question 2

Which one means single sugar

Answer 2

Monosaccharide

Question 3

Which one means double sugar

Answer 3

Disaccharide

Question 4

Which one means multiple sugars

Answer 4

Polysaccharide

Question 5

3 sugars that consist of monosaccharide?

Answer 5

• Glucose
• Fructose
• Galactose

Question 6

3 sugars that consist of disaccharide?

Answer 6

• Maltose
• Sucrose
• Lactose

Question 7

4 sugars that consist of polysaccharide?

Answer 7

• Starch
• Glycogen
• Cellulose
• Chitin

Question 8

What’s maltose made by?

Answer 8

2 glucoses

Question 9

What’s sucrose made by?

Answer 9

Glucose + fructose

Question 10

What’s lactose made by?

Answer 10

Glucose + galactose

Question 11

What’s starch, glycogen and cellulose made by?

Answer 11

Glucose

Question 12

What’s chitin made by?

Answer 12

Glucosamine

Question 13

Where’s glucose found in?

Answer 13

Widespread :P

Question 14

Where’s fructose found in?

Answer 14

Fruit

Question 15

Where’s galactose found in?

Answer 15

Milk

Question 16

Where’s maltose found in?

Answer 16

Germinating seeds

Question 17

Where’s sucrose [also] found in?

Answer 17

Fruit/Phloem

Question 18

Where’s lactose also found in?

Answer 18

Milk

Question 19

Where’s starch found in?

Answer 19

Plant storage

Question 20

Where’s glycogen found in?

Answer 20

Animal storage

Question 21

Where’s cellulose found in?

Answer 21

Plant cell wall

Question 22

Where’s chitin found in?

Answer 22

Exoskeleton of insects

Question 23

What are the properties of monosaccharides and disaccharides?

Answer 23

Sweet, white and soluble

Question 24

What are the properties of polysaccharides?

Answer 24

Not sweet, not soluble

Question 25

What type of protein are biological catalysts?

Answer 25

Enzymes

Question 26

What type of protein are haemoglobins carrying oxygen?

Answer 26

Transport proteins

Question 27

What type of protein are white blood cells attacking/destroying invading microorganisms?

Answer 27

Defensive proteins

Question 28

What type of proteins carry messages around the body e.g. the hormone insulin, control blood sugar levels

Answer 28

Signal proteins

Question 29

What type of protein is albumen. The protein store that forms the white of eggs?

Answer 29

Storage proteins

Question 30

What type of proteins are in muscles that enable contraction (myosin & actin)

Answer 30

Contractile proteins

Question 31

What type of protein is collagen, adding strength to ligaments/tendons etc.
Or keratin in hair/surface layers of skin?

Answer 31

Structural proteins

Question 32

What are the 4 inorganic ions within body?

Answer 32

1. Magnesium - Mg²⁺
2. Iron - Fe²⁺
3. Calcium - Ca²⁺
4. Phosphate - PO₄^3-

Question 33

Function of Magnesium - Mg²⁺?

(recommend learning 2)

Answer 33

• Essential for photosynthesis in plants
• Magnesium aids chloroplasts to capture sun energy
• Muscles use magnesium to contract and relax

Question 34

Function of Iron - Fe²⁺?

(recommend learning 2)

Answer 34

• Is a constituent of haemoglobin, which transports oxygen in red blood cells - erythrocytes)
• Essential in production of chlorophyll, gather of oxygen and transport of oxygen
• Essential for cognitive function - memory, problem-solving, concentration and

Question 35

Function of Calcium - Ca²⁺?

(recommend learning 2)

Answer 35

• Crucial component of bones and teeth in mammals; structural integrity
• Crucial component of plant cell walls; structural integrity
• Helps blood clotting, blood vessel and muscle contractions, enzyme and hormone secretion and CNS functioning
• Works well when mixed? with PO4 (phosphate)

Question 36

Function of Phosphate - PO₄^3-

(recommend learning 2)

Answer 36

• Used for making nucleotides, including ATP, and are a constituent of phospholipids
• Found in biological membranes and plasma
• Plants can resist diseases because of phosphorus and how it develops the plant quickly
• Vital for DNA (sugar-phosphate backbone)

Question 37

What are the 4 reducing sugars?

Answer 37

• Glucose
• Galactose
• Maltose
• Fructose

Question 38

How to test for reducing sugar?

Answer 38

Add benedict’s reagent
If from blue to orange = present

Question 39

What is the non-reducing sugar?

Answer 39

Sucrose

Question 40

How to test for non-reducing sugar?

Answer 40

• Hydrolyse into its monosaccharide (glucose + fructose)
• Do reducing sugar test

Question 41

How to test for starch?

Answer 41

Add iodine
If from brown to blue/black = present

Question 42

How to test for protein?

Answer 42

Add biuret reagent
If from blue to lilac = present

Question 43

How to test for lipid?

Answer 43

Insoluble in liquid, soluble in alcohol
Do emulsion test
Cloudy white emulsion = present
If u can remember this well, I beg u know what to actually do