All about carbohydrates, 7 types of proteins, inorganic ions & food tests (exclusive) Flashcards
Tell me the first 3 names :v
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Which one means single sugar
Monosaccharide
Which one means double sugar
Disaccharide
Which one means multiple sugars
Polysaccharide
3 sugars that consist of monosaccharide?
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
3 sugars that consist of disaccharide?
- Maltose
- Sucrose
- Lactose
4 sugars that consist of polysaccharide?
- Starch
- Glycogen
- Cellulose
- Chitin
What’s maltose made by?
2 glucoses
What’s sucrose made by?
Glucose + fructose
What’s lactose made by?
Glucose + galactose
What’s starch, glycogen and cellulose made by?
Glucose
What’s chitin made by?
Glucosamine
Where’s glucose found in?
Widespread :P
Where’s fructose found in?
Fruit
Where’s galactose found in?
Milk
Where’s maltose found in?
Germinating seeds
Where’s sucrose [also] found in?
Fruit/Phloem
Where’s lactose also found in?
Milk
Where’s starch found in?
Plant storage
Where’s glycogen found in?
Animal storage
Where’s cellulose found in?
Plant cell wall
Where’s chitin found in?
Exoskeleton of insects
What are the properties of monosaccharides and disaccharides?
Sweet, white and soluble
What are the properties of polysaccharides?
Not sweet, not soluble
What type of protein are biological catalysts?
Enzymes
What type of protein are haemoglobins carrying oxygen?
Transport proteins
What type of protein are white blood cells attacking/destroying invading microorganisms?
Defensive proteins
What type of proteins carry messages around the body e.g. the hormone insulin, control blood sugar levels
Signal proteins
What type of protein is albumen. The protein store that forms the white of eggs?
Storage proteins
What type of proteins are in muscles that enable contraction (myosin & actin)
Contractile proteins
What type of protein is collagen, adding strength to ligaments/tendons etc.
Or keratin in hair/surface layers of skin?
Structural proteins
What are the 4 inorganic ions within body?
- Magnesium - Mg2+
- Iron - Fe2+
- Calcium - Ca2+
- Phosphate - PO43-
Function of Magnesium - Mg2+?
(recommend learning 2)
- Essential for photosynthesis in plants
- Magnesium aids chloroplasts to capture sun energy
- Muscles use magnesium to contract and relax
Function of Iron - Fe2+?
(recommend learning 2)
- Is a constituent of haemoglobin, which transports oxygen in red blood cells - erythrocytes)
- Essential in production of chlorophyll, gather of oxygen and transport of oxygen
- Essential for cognitive function - memory, problem-solving, concentration and
Function of Calcium - Ca2+?
(recommend learning 2)
- Crucial component of bones and teeth in mammals; structural integrity
- Crucial component of plant cell walls; structural integrity
- Helps blood clotting, blood vessel and muscle contractions, enzyme and hormone secretion and CNS functioning
- Works well when mixed? with PO4 (phosphate)
Function of Phosphate - PO43-
(recommend learning 2)
- Used for making nucleotides, including ATP, and are a constituent of phospholipids
- Found in biological membranes and plasma
- Plants can resist diseases because of phosphorus and how it develops the plant quickly
- Vital for DNA (sugar-phosphate backbone)
What are the 4 reducing sugars?
- Glucose
- Galactose
- Maltose
- Fructose
How to test for reducing sugar?
Add benedict’s reagent
If from blue to orange = present
What is the non-reducing sugar?
Sucrose
How to test for non-reducing sugar?
- Hydrolyse into its monosaccharide (glucose + fructose)
- Do reducing sugar test
How to test for starch?
Add iodine
If from brown to blue/black = present
How to test for protein?
Add biuret reagent
If from blue to lilac = present
How to test for lipid?
Insoluble in liquid, soluble in alcohol
Do emulsion test
Cloudy white emulsion = present
If u can remember this well, I beg u know what to actually do
